Long-distance relationships - regulation of systemic host defense against infections by the gut microbiota

Schlechte, Jared; Skalosky, Isla; Geuking, Markus B.; McDonald, Braedon

doi:10.1038/s41385-022-00539-2

Cited by 25 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 157 publications

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“…The resident microbiota, consisting of trillions of microbes and their derived metabolites in the GI tract, are critical regulators in modulating host immune defense against pathogen infections [ 20 ]. It has been shown that respiratory infections are associated with gut microbiota dysbiosis in children [ 21 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Altered gut microbiota composition in children and their caregivers infected with the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant

Wang

Zhou

et al. 2023

World J Pediatr

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Background Gut microbiota alterations have been implicated in the pathogenesis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This study aimed to explore gut microbiota changes in a prospective cohort of COVID-19 children and their asymptomatic caregivers infected with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Omicron variant. Methods A total of 186 participants, including 59 COVID-19 children, 50 asymptomatic adult caregivers, 52 healthy children (HC), and 25 healthy adults (HA), were recruited between 15 April and 31 May 2022. The gut microbiota composition was determined by 16S rRNA gene sequencing in fecal samples collected from the participants. Gut microbiota functional profiling was performed by using Phylogenetic Investigation of Communities by Reconstruction of Unobserved States (PICRUSt) software. Results The gut microbiota analysis of beta diversity revealed that the fecal microbial community of COVID-19 children remained far distantly related to HC. The relative abundances of the phyla Actinobacteria and Firmicutes were decreased, whereas Bacteroidetes , Proteobacteria , and Verrucomicrobiota were increased in COVID-19 children. Feces from COVID-19 children exhibited notably lower abundances of the genera Blautia , Bifidobacterium , Fusicatenibacter , Streptococcus , and Romboutsia and higher abundances of the genera Prevotella , Lachnoclostridium , Escherichia-Shigella , and Bacteroides than those from HC. The enterotype distributions of COVID-19 children were characterized by a high prevalence of enterotype Bacteroides . Similar changes in gut microbiota compositions were observed in asymptomatic caregivers. Furthermore, the microbial metabolic activities of KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) and COG (cluster of orthologous groups of proteins) pathways were perturbed in feces from subjects infected with the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant. Conclusion Our data reveal altered gut microbiota compositions in both COVID-19 children and their asymptomatic caregivers infected with the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant, which further implicates the critical role of gut microbiota in COVID-19 pathogenesis. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12519-022-00659-6.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Altered gut microbiota composition in children and their caregivers infected with the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant

Wang

Zhou

et al. 2023

World J Pediatr

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“…Consequently, this process can contribute to the development of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Intestinal microorganisms play a crucial role in protecting against infections and contribute to the development and regulation of the host mucosal immunity [30]. They actively engage in transforming the developmental and regulatory signals, thereby conferring mucosal immune protection [31].…”

Section: Probiotic Mechanisms and Actionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Probiotic formulations for human health: Current research and future perspective

Jan,

Negi,

Sharma

et al. 2024

J App Biol Biotech

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Probiotics are living microorganisms known for their beneficial properties and have been extensively researched and utilized in various products worldwide. These microorganisms have essential nutritional needs and exhibit significant functional qualities. Probiotics have been employed to enhance the well-being of both animals and humans by influencing the balance of microorganisms in the intestines. Several probiotic strains, such as Bifidobacterium and Lactobacilli, became identified and studied for their potential to mitigate the incidence of gastrointestinal (GI) infections or as a therapeutic approach for treating such infections. With the rise of microbiota displaying resistance and tolerance to traditional medications and antibiotics, the effectiveness of drugs has diminished. Several probiotic strains have been identified to possess notable properties, including potent anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic effects. Consequently, introducing beneficial bacterial species into the GI tract offers an appealing approach to restoring microbial balance and preventing diseases. Furthermore, probiotics have demonstrated the capacity to inhibit the action of intestinal bacterial enzymes responsible being synthesizing colonic carcinogens. Probiotics offer a promising preventive and therapeutic advancement, but further research is required to better understand their specific impact on intestinal health. Probiotics can also exert a direct influence on other microorganisms, including pathogens, which is crucial in preventing and treating infections and restoring the balance of microorganisms in the GI tract. The present review deals with probiotic formulations, their mechanisms, and their role in human health.

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“…Studies have shown that the gut microbiota is a key determinant of host health [ 16 , 17 ]. As a part of the intestinal barrier, the gut microbiota is closely related to gut environmental homeostasis, and an imbalance in the gut microbiota may lead to damage to the gut defense system [ 18 , 19 ]. The presence of symbiotic bacteria in the gut provides the first barrier to toxins [ 20 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Docosahexaenoic Acid Promotes Cd Excretion by Restoring the Abundance of Parabacteroides in Cd-Exposed Mice

Liao

Fang

et al. 2023

Molecules

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As a common harmful pollutant, cadmium (Cd) can easily enter the human body through the food chain, posing a major threat to human health. Gut microbiota play a key role in Cd absorption. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is thought to have a potential role in the treatment of Cd poisoning. This study investigated the therapeutic effect and mechanism of DHA in Cd-exposed mice from the perspective of the gut microbiota. The results showed that DHA significantly increased the Cd content in feces and decreased the Cd accumulation in the organs of mice. The gut microbiota results showed that DHA significantly restored the abundance of Parabacteroides in the gut microbiota of Cd-exposed mice. Parabacteroides distasonis (P. distasonis), a representative strain of the Parabacteroides, also showed Cd- and toxicity-reduction capabilities. P. distasonis significantly restored the gut damage caused by Cd exposure. At the same time, P. distasonis reduced the Cd content in the liver, spleen, lung, kidneys, gut, and blood to varying degrees and significantly increased the Cd content in feces. The succinic acid produced by P. distasonis plays an important role in promoting Cd excretion in Cd-exposed mice. Therefore, these results suggest that P. distasonis may have a potential role in DHA-mediated Cd excretion in Cd-exposed mice.

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Long-distance relationships - regulation of systemic host defense against infections by the gut microbiota

Cited by 25 publications

References 157 publications

Altered gut microbiota composition in children and their caregivers infected with the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant

Altered gut microbiota composition in children and their caregivers infected with the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant

Probiotic formulations for human health: Current research and future perspective

Docosahexaenoic Acid Promotes Cd Excretion by Restoring the Abundance of Parabacteroides in Cd-Exposed Mice

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