Long gradient of retrograde amnesia in mice: Continuity with the findings in humans.

Squire, Larry R.; Spanis, Curt W.

doi:10.1037/0735-7044.98.2.345

Cited by 61 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 14 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…For example, it was observed that electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) administered to psychiatric patients caused a retrograde amnesia for information learned for up to 3 years prior to the treatment (Squire, Slater, & Chace, 1975;Squire & Cohen, 1979). Although shorter temporal gradients had been observed in most animal studies (see previous section), using four spaced electroconvulsive shocks in mice, Squire and Spanis (1984) produced amnesia for up to 3 weeks prior to the shock treatments.…”

Section: Recent Researchmentioning

confidence: 83%

Cognitive Neuroscience Analyses of Memory: A Historical Perspective

Polster¹,

Nadel²,

Schacter

1991

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

As part of the general trend toward interdisciplinary research in recent years, a growing number of investigators have come to consider both cognitive and neuroscientific perspectives when theorizing about memory. Although such cognitive neuroscience analyses are a relatively recent development, the approach has precedents in earlier scientific thinking about memory. In this article we present a historical review of three major issues in memory research-consolidation processes, the nature of memory representations, and multiple memory systems. We discuss the nature of the relation between cognitive Cognitive neuroscience is a fundamentally interdisciplinary pursuit that draws on the methodological tools and theoretical frameworks of both of its constituent disciplines. In doing so, it promises to provide a more complete understanding of mnemonic processes than could be achieved by either discipline alone. During the past few decades, the cognitive neuroscience approach has become increasingly prominent in the analysis of memory. A growing number of cognitive scientists have made use of findings and ideas about brain function (e.g., Schacter, 1985a; Rumelhart, 1986a, 1986b;Shimamura, 1989), and similarly an increasing number of neuroscientists have drawn on cognitive theories and paradigms (e.g., Kean & Nadel, 1982; Mishkin & Petri, 1984;. Although still in its infancy, this approach has already begun to yield important insights into various aspects of memory, and there is every reason to believe that it will become even more prominent in the future.Although the emergence of widespread interest in cognitive neuroscience analyses of memory is a relatively recent phenomenon, the approach itself is not entirely without precedent in the history of scientific thinlung about memory. Thus, for example, investigators such as Ribot (1882), Burnham (1903), Semon (19041921), 0 1991 Massachusetts Institute of Technology and neuroscientific approaches to each of these issues with respect to the distinction between collateral, complementary, and convergent relations (Schacter, 1986). Although some early investigators offered analyses that linked psychological and physiological perspectives, there is little historical evidence of systematic o r sustained interdisciplinary research. However, more recent work, especially with respect to hypotheses about memory systems, suggests progress toward establishing programmatic interdisciplinary research. m Hebb (1949), and even Freud (1895;in Bonaparte, Freud, & &is, 1954) put forward what could be broadly construed as memory theories that drew on both psychological and physiological perspectives. Nevertheless, we are not aware of any scholarly attempt to trace systematically the extent to which memory researchers have attempted to combine these two approaches. The main purpose of this article is to provide the beginnings of such an analysis.There are several reasons why such a historical analysis is worth pursuing. First, there is simple intellectual curiosity about the antece...

show abstract

Section: Recent Researchmentioning

confidence: 83%

Cognitive Neuroscience Analyses of Memory: A Historical Perspective

Polster¹,

Nadel²,

Schacter

1991

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Resistance to disruption can increase at the same time that normal forgetting occurs (Squire et al 1975;Squire and Spanis 1984). Accordingly, aggregate memory performance must reflect both operations: Memories decay in strength while consolidation is occurring.…”

Section: Reaction Time Distribution and Memory Consolidationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reaction time distributions across normal forgetting: searching for markers of memory consolidation.

1997

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Volunteers studied pictures of objects and were then tested for yes/no recognition at 10 miD and 1 week after learning (experiment 1), or at 10 miD and 4 months after learning (experiment 2). Because the gradual consolidation of long-term memory is thought to occur across this time scale (weeks and months), the reaction time distributions of successfully retrieved items were analyzed in an attempt to detect markers of consolidation. At each retention interval, reaction times for items retrieved successfully were well fit by a model that assumed a single underlying distribution. No evidence for a bimodal distribution of reaction times was observed. Furthermore, there was no evidence that some small subset of items was actually retrieved faster after a long retention interval than after a short interval. The results are consistent with the idea that consolidation works not to increase memory trace strength but to change the nature of memory storage. This process occurs during the course of normal forgetting and may not be observable in the behavior of normal memory.

show abstract

“…Much of this research has focused on the hippocampal formation, and despite differences in tasks and species, similar patterns of results have been observed across studies. In these experiments, animals were trained on a task at different time intervals prior to receiving bilateral ablations of the hippocampal formation (Squire and Spanis 1984;Salmon et al 1987;Wincour 1990;Zola-Morgan and Squire 1990;Kim and Fanselow 1992;Cho et al 1995;Kim et al 1995) or entorhinal cortex (Cho et al 1993(Cho et al , 1995Cho and Kesner 1996). The results of these experiments indicated that animals retained information that had been acquired in the remote past and lost information that had been acquired more recently.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporally graded retrograde amnesia following separate and combined lesions of the perirhinal cortex and fornix in the rat.

Wiig¹,

Cooper²,

Bear³

1996

Learn. Mem.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The involvement of the perirhinal cortex and the fornix in retrograde and anterograde amnesia in the rat was investigated in this experiment. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were trained on a series of five visual discrimination problems at distinct time intervals prior to receiving bilateral, electrolytic lesions of the perirhinal cortex or the fornix, combined lesions of both these structures, or sham operations. Following recovery from surgery, rats were retested on the preoperatively learned discrimination problems, as well as learning a new discrimination and discrimination reversal. Results indicated that all animals with lesions exhibited temporally graded retrograde amnesia, whereby memories acquired in the recent past (1-3 weeks) were impaired, and memories acquired in the remote past (6-8 weeks) were spared. There was no difference in the magnitude of retrograde amnesia between the three lesion groups. Animals in the perirhinal, fornix, and combined lesion groups were able to learn a new discrimination problem at a rate comparable to control rats; however, the animals with lesions were impaired at learning the discrimination reversal. The perirhinal, fornix, and combined lesion animals also exhibited a significantly faster forgetting rate over a SCorresponding author.2-week retention interval than control rats. These results suggest that medial temporal structures including the perirhinal cortex and the fornix are involved in the consolidation of mnemonic information and that their involvement in this process occurs over a discrete period of time.

show abstract

Long gradient of retrograde amnesia in mice: Continuity with the findings in humans.

Cited by 61 publications

References 14 publications

Cognitive Neuroscience Analyses of Memory: A Historical Perspective

Cognitive Neuroscience Analyses of Memory: A Historical Perspective

Reaction time distributions across normal forgetting: searching for markers of memory consolidation.

Temporally graded retrograde amnesia following separate and combined lesions of the perirhinal cortex and fornix in the rat.

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About