Long-Lasting and Intense Chemiluminescence of Luminol Triggered by Oxidized g-C₃N₄ Nanosheets

Abstract

Most of the known chemiluminescence (CL) systems are flash-type, whereas a CL system with long-lasting and strong emission is very favorable for accurate CL quantitative analysis and imaging assays. In this work, we found that the oxidized g-C3N4 (g-CNOX) could trigger luminol-H2O2 to produce a long-lasting and intense CL emission. The CL emission lasted for over 10 min and could be observed by the naked eye in a dark room. By means of a CL spectrum, X-ray photoelectron spectra, and electron spin resonance spectra, the possible mechanism of this CL reaction was proposed. This strong and long-duration CL emission was attributed to the high catalytic activity of g-CNOX nanosheets and continuous generation of reactive oxygen species from H2O2 on g-CNOX surface. Taking full advantage of the long-lasting CL property of this system, we proposed one “non-in-situ mixing” mode of CL measurement. Compared with the traditional “in-situ mixing” CL measurement mode, this measurement mode was convenient to operate and had good reproducibility. This work not only provides a long-lasting CL reaction but also deepens the understanding of the structure and properties of g-C3N4 material.

Natural catalyst for luminol chemiluminescence: application to validate peroxide levels in commercial hair dyes

“…The carbon‐based catalytic systems for luminol CL are also well known. [ 5,23–28 ] In the present work, various concentrations of GHT (10 μl/ml to 130 μl/ml) were added to the basic luminol (20 μM) solution, and 0.5 ml of H 2 O 2 , (10 μM) were added and their CL emissions were studied. With the increase in the concentration of GHT, CL intensity was found to be increasing (Figure 9).…”

“…[ 3,4 ] The sensitivity of the luminol–H 2 O 2 CL reaction could be amplified using diverse catalytic systems. [ 5–9 ] Specifically, several ecofriendly catalysts, such as anionic peroxidase extracted from plants, have been shown to be highly sensitive to the oxidation of luminol in the absence of any enhancer. [ 10,11 ] For example, anionic peroxidases extracted from soybean, [ 12 ] African oil palm tree, [ 13 ] sweet potato, [ 14 ] royal palm leaf, [ 15 ] and Jatropha curcas [ 16 ] have been identified as potential catalysts for the luminol–H 2 O 2 CL reaction.…”

“…Such carbon structures have led to their wider band gaps, higher fluorescence, easier oxidation/reduction, and mechanical properties than the defect‐free nanographene. [ 5,23–28 ]…”

“…[23][24][25][26] However, there has been no significant improvement in the CL intensity compared with the conventional (K 3 Fe(CN) 6 )-based system. Inspired by their work, many CL systems have been developed, such as the recently reported graphene, [26] copper-doped carbon nanodots, [27] carbon nanosheets, [5] and quantum dots. [28] Generally, these carbon catalysts are small oxygeneous particles that exhibit several promising advantages, such as low toxicity, good biocompatibility, and high stability.…”

4,6-O-Phenylethylidene Acetal Protected D-Glucosamine Carbamate-Based Gelators and Their Applications for Multi-Component Gels

“…In a recent report, a metal–organic xerogel (MOX) was found to exhibit peroxidase activity to catalyze chemiluminescence of luminol, which was further used for dopamine detection [ 36 , 37 ]. A few recent reports have demonstrated the use of metal–organic gels (MOG) or metal–organic frameworks as enzyme mimics for CL systems [ 36 , 38 , 39 , 40 ]. An iron-based metal–organic gel showed enzyme-mimicking activities and was able to detect H 2 O 2 released from Hela cells using luminol chemiluminescence [ 41 ].…”