Long lasting effect of acute restraint stress on behavior and brain anti-oxidative status

Abstract

<abstract> <p>Exposure to certain acute stressors results in an immediate behavioral and physiological response to these situations during a significant period of days. The goal of the current study is to evaluate the long-lasting effect of single exposure of restraint stress among mice after 0 h, 24 h, 48 h and 72 h. Five groups of mice are under experiment: a control group and four groups exposed to one session of restraint stress. All these groups have been studied for behavioral tests in order to evaluate their memories. This is done through a Y-labyrinth and an object recognition test, and anxiety by using open field device. In the second part of the study, enzymatic assays (concerning catalase, glutathione s transferase, glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase) are used to evaluate oxidative stress. The enzymatic activity of the antioxidant system is assessed in five brain structures, including the cerebellum, olfactory bulb, spinal bulb, hypothalamus, and hippocampus.</p> <p>The obtained results show that acute restraint stress leads to a decrease in memory function and to the development of an anxious state; concomitant to an increase of locomotor activity afterword. It causes disturbance of antioxidant balance in the brain by developing a state of oxidative stress. Indeed, restraint stress causes a change in anti-oxidant stress enzymatic activity in the brain, notably in post-stress period. In conclusion, acute restraint stress is responsible for altering cognitive functions, especially memory, and the development of anxious behavior, which could be a result of the generation of oxidative stress; effects that are persistent over an important period after the cessation of stress.</p> </abstract>

Restraint Stress-Induced Immunosuppression Is Associated with Concurrent Macrophage Pyroptosis Cell Death in Mice

“…The results revealed that mice subjected to Evans-blue-fed restraint stress treatment exhibited anxiety-related behavior, providing evidence of psychological stress’s contribution to this model ( Figure 1 ). These findings are consistent with numerous previous reports that have identified psychological stress as one of the major factors associated with restraint stress animal models [ 6 , 7 , 8 , 16 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 ]. Additionally, as psychological-stress-induced immunosuppression is rarely discussed, this model is suitable to address this question.…”

Role of Acorus calamus in preventing depression, anxiety, and oxidative stress in long-term socially isolated rats

“…Our findings showed that the SIS rats displayed poor recovery of learning behavior in the passive avoidance test compared to the SG rats, which was improved by the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of AC treatment. This result is consistent with a previous study that evaluated the potential of AC [ 68 ].…”

“…Self-grooming is an important behavior observed in rodents, primarily to maintain body hygiene, thermoregulation, chemocommunication, and stress reduction [ 67 ]. Chronic restraint stress, which has been well documented [ 68 ], is known to disrupt emotional activities, aligning with the findings of our study that emotional activities are significantly reduced in SIS rats compared to SG rats. In this study, AC treatment enhanced emotional activities (grooming and rearing), which were suppressed by SIS, consistent with Rauniar et al .…”

Analysis of Rat Brainstem Transcriptome Changes after Acute Stress

“…In the acute stress conditions activity of LC norepinephrine neurons participate in arousal reaction, together with action of elevated levels of hormones [5]. Excessive increased activity of brainstem neurons causes oxidative stress which could be a factor for further development of different psychopathologies [6].…”