Long Lasting Effects of Electroconvulsive Seizures on Brain Oxidative Parameters

Abstract

This work was performed in order to determine the level of oxidative damage and antioxidant enzymes activities late after acute and chronic electroconvulsive shock (ECS) in rats. We measured oxidative parameters in hippocampus, cortex, and striatum, at 45, 60, 90 and 120 days after a single or multiple ECS. We demonstrated an increase in lipid peroxidation after multiple ECS in the hippocampus and striatum. This was also the case for protein carbonyls in the single or multiple protocols. In this way, we demonstrated an increase in catalase in cortex in contrast to striatum and hippocampus, were there were decreases sometimes in chronic ECS. The superoxide dismutase activities decrease in different times after single and multiple ECS in the hippocampus. Our findings demonstrated that there is a delayed increase after ECS in oxidative damage and decrease in antioxidant enzymes activities in hippocampus and striatum.

Effects of Maintenance Electroshock on the Oxidative Damage Parameters in the Rat Brain

“…We have demonstrated that there is just a delayed increase in oxidative damage [13], but these findings require additional investigation in order to determine their clinical relevance.…”

“…In the first experimental step, animals received the traditional eight sessions ECS protocol [11][12][13]: an ECS session per day every other day. After the eighth ECS, the rats were exposed to weekly ECS on the first month, every 2 weeks on the second month and once a month on third month of maintenance.…”

Depresyonda EKT Sonrası Süperoksit Dismutaz Aktivitesi Düşüyor ve EKT'ye Kötü Yanıtla Korelasyon Gösteriyor

“…Baricello et al (11) demonstrated an increase in catalase (CAT) and SOD activities, a decrease in lipid peroxidation, and protein damage in the hippocampus immediately after and up to 30 days after a single or multiple ECS. Feier et al (4) found a delayed increase in oxidative damage after ECS and a decrease in SOD and CAT activities in hippocampus and striatum in rats. Jornada et al [12] reported no alteration in the lipid peroxidation and no protein damage in the hippocampus, cortex, cerebellum, and striatum immediately after, 48 h and 7 days after the last maintenance ECS.…”

“…While some researchers found an increase (4) in oxidants, others measured a decrease (11); meanwhile, Jornada et al [12] reported no significant changes in oxidative metabolites after ECS. Regarding antioxidants, Erakovic et al (10) and Feier et al [4] measured a decrease, but Baricello et al (11) found an increase.…”

“…Some cognitive adverse events may occur due to ECT (3). The hippocampus, frontal cortex, striatum, entorhinal cortex, temporal-parietal cortex are primary brain regions impacted by ECT (4).…”