“…This scenario becomes more problematic in case of the emergence of new pandemic strains for which the world’s population does not have any type of immunological coverage [ 6 ]. In order to overcome these hurdles, multiple strategies have been tested to generate new influenza vaccines: - improvement of the performance of current vaccines with new adjuvants and alternative routes of vaccine administration [ 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 ],
- development of new recombinant antigens able to promote the elicitation of cross-neutralizing antibodies to generate sterilizing immunity against all influenza strains [ 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 ], and
- utilization of relatively conserved influenza antigens (e.g., nucleoprotein) capable of inducing strong T cell responses that display a high degree of cross-reactivity against various influenza strains, [ 13 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 ].
…”