Long-lived connection between southern Siberia and northern Laurentia in the Proterozoic

Ernst, Richard E.; Hamilton, M. A.; Söderlund, Ulf; Hanes, J. A.; Гладкочуб, Д.П.; Okrugin, A. V.; Колотилина, Т. Б.; Мехоношин, А. С.; Bleeker, Wouter; LeCheminant, A N; Buchan, Kenneth L.; Chamberlain, Kevin R.; Диденко, А. Н.

doi:10.1038/ngeo2700

Cited by 264 publications

(96 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…The reconstruction and rifting history of Rodinia are still debated, and various configurations were proposed in the literature (Hoffman, 1991;Li et al, 2008;Meert & Torsvik, 2003;Merdith et al, 2017). The first one occurred along the western margin of Laurentia, Australia-Antarctica, and Siberia around 800-700 Ma (Ernst et al, 2016;Li et al, 2008;Pisarevsky et al, 2003). The first one occurred along the western margin of Laurentia, Australia-Antarctica, and Siberia around 800-700 Ma (Ernst et al, 2016;Li et al, 2008;Pisarevsky et al, 2003).…”

Section: A Correlation Between Phases Of Subduction and Breakupmentioning

confidence: 99%

True Polar Wander: A Key Indicator for Plate Configuration and Mantle Convection During the Late Neoproterozoic

Robert

Greff-Lefftz

Besse

2018

Geochem Geophys Geosyst

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Large polar motions are observed in the apparent polar wander paths of several continents during the Ediacaran. Among various hypotheses proposed in the literature, one consists of the occurrence of two successive fast and large true polar wander (TPW) episodes, from 615 to 590 Ma and then between 575 and 565 Ma. In this study, we explored the effect of the reactivation of a girdle of subduction to produce such TPW. First, we performed a reconstruction of the main continents between 615 and 520 Ma including Laurentia, Baltica, west and central Gondwana, and Australia‐Antarctica. We then implemented this paleogeography into a simple mantle dynamic model to calculate the TPW during the Ediacaran. Our results show that the reactivation of a girdle of subduction surrounding the continents along with a reduced effect of the return flow rising from the lower mantle can produce two TPW episodes consistent with the paleomagnetic observations. This mechanism is possible if the sinking velocities associated with the girdle of subduction drastically decrease between 635 and 730 Ma. Such a large geodynamic event is consistent with the detrital zircon age distribution of the Neoproterozoic supporting a low subduction activity during the Cryogenian and a boost during the Ediacaran. Decrease of subduction‐related stress induced on the lithosphere may have interrupted the rifting of the supercontinent Rodinia for 100 Ma. Finally, the weakening in subduction magmatism might have strongly reduced the CO2 flux into the atmosphere and played a major role in driving the Neoproterozoic global‐scale glaciations.

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Section: A Correlation Between Phases Of Subduction and Breakupmentioning

confidence: 99%

True Polar Wander: A Key Indicator for Plate Configuration and Mantle Convection During the Late Neoproterozoic

Robert

Greff-Lefftz

Besse

2018

Geochem Geophys Geosyst

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“…These dates are indistinguishable from the most precise date on the Franklin LIP of 716.3 ± 0.5 Ma [ Macdonald et al ., ] (Figure d). Volcanic rocks associated with the Franklin LIP cover an area of >3 Mkm 2 over northern Laurentia and southern Siberia [ Ernst et al ., ] (Figure a), which was at equatorial latitudes during its formation [ Denyszyn et al ., ; Macdonald et al ., ]. On Victoria Island of the Canadian Arctic, the Franklin LIP is represented by the Natkusiak magmatic assemblage, which consists of basalt and gabbroic dikes and sills that intruded carbonate, organic‐rich shale, and sulfur evaporite of the Shaler Supergroup [ Dostal et al ., ].…”

Section: Synchronicity Of the Sturtian Snowball Glaciation With Eruptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Initiation of Snowball Earth with volcanic sulfur aerosol emissions

Macdonald

Wordsworth

2017

Geophysical Research Letters

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We propose that the first Neoproterozoic Snowball Earth event, the Sturtian glaciation, was initiated by the injection of sulfate aerosols into the stratosphere. Geochronological data indicate that the Natkusiak magmatic assemblage of the Franklin large igneous province coincided with onset of the Sturtian glaciation. The Natkusiak was emplaced into an evaporite basin and entrained significant quantities of sulfur, which would have led to extensive SO2 and H2S outgassing in hot convective plumes. The largest of these plumes could have penetrated the tropopause, leading to stratospheric sulfate aerosol formation and an albedo increase sufficient to force a Snowball. Radiative forcing was maximized by the equatorial location of the Franklin and the cool Neoproterozoic background climate, which would have lowered the tropopause height, increasing the rate of stratospheric aerosol injection. Our results have implications for understanding Phanerozoic mass extinction events, exoplanet habitability, and aerosol perturbations to the present‐day climate.

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“…The relative influence of plate and stagnant lid tectonics in the thermotectonic evolution of the earth (e.g., Wyman, ) has triggered debatable issues. In general, a four‐stage geodynamic transition in the evolutionary history of the Earth is envisaged and marked by (a) early Hadean magma ocean stage (4.56–4.37 Ga) with stagnant‐lid convection tectonics marked by plume upwellings and lithospheric drips; (b) huge impact of carbonaceous chondrite meteorite termed ABEL bombardment that destroyed the stagnant lid structure, triggered subduction‐driven tectonics of fragmented lithospheric plates, delivered hydrospheric and atmospheric components that collectively contributed towards shaping the earth from “Hades” to “Habitable” (4.37–4.0 Ga); (c) short‐term episodic style of Archean subduction tectonics (4.0–2.5 Ga) with flat subduction of hot, juvenile oceanic lithosphere and frequent slab break‐off events resulting in intermittent cessation and re‐initiation of the subduction process; and (d) modern‐style (onwards) plate tectonics with long‐lived subduction systems involving oceanic and continental plates of larger dimensions (Cawood et al, ; Ernst et al, ; Ganguly & Yang, ; Manikyamba, Ganguly, Santosh, & Subramanyam, ; Maruyama & Ebisuzaki, ; Santosh et al, ; Stern, ; Stern & Miller, ; Hartnady & Kirkland, ). These bottom‐up mantle upwelling through plume ascent and top‐down oceanic slab subduction processes are the key drivers for arc and non‐arc‐style magmatism, crustal growth, lithospheric evolution, and continental reconfigurations (Cawood, Strachan, Pisarevsky, Gladkochub, & Murphy, ; Nance, Murphy, & Santosh, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An appraisal of geochemical signatures of komatiites from the greenstone belts of Dharwar Craton, India: Implications for temporal transition and Archean upper mantle hydration

2019

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Archean ultramafic–mafic magmatism associated with dynamic mantle melting processes represents an integral part of crustal evolution and continental growth. Archean mantle plumes and their high temperature derivatives in komatiitic magmas provide a cornerstone in understanding the thermal and chemical evolution of the early Earth and its mantle. In this study, we evaluate the geochemical characteristics of the temporally distinct Sargur Group and Dharwar Supergroup greenstone belts of Dharwar Craton in southern India. The komatiites associated with these greenstone belts are characterized by Al‐depleted and Al‐undepleted compositions. Their MgO, Ni, Co, and Cr concentrations reflect primitive, undifferentiated nature of precursor melts, whereas the HFSE and REE chemistry corroborates high‐degree (30–50%) partial melting of mantle with prominent role of majorite garnet and perovskite in the generation of komatiitic melts. The Al‐depleted komatiites were formed at a greater depth (~13 GPa) by equilibrium melting leaving a garnet‐bearing residue. The resultant komatiitic melt retained buoyancy under extreme pressure and high temperature conditions, segregated and accumulated in the ambient peridotite mantle source and subsequently escaped with progressive decrease in pressure in the ascending plume. The Al‐undepleted and relatively rare Al‐enriched komatiites were derived by fractional melting at intermediate to shallow depths after the discharge of a large proportion of melt ensued by the collapse and entrance of residual garnet into the melt phase. The Mesoarchean–Neoarchean Dharwar komatiites provide evidence for heterogeneous, hydrated Archean upper mantle trapped by ascending mantle plumes. The non‐plume, arc‐related signatures invoke contributions from (a) sub‐cratonic lithospheric mantle roots influenced by ancient subduction events and (b) hydrated Archean upper mantle. The Sargur Group and Dharwar Supergroup komatiites record a distinct temporal transition and geochemical heterogeneity in the Archean mantle beneath the Dharwar Craton and can be attributed to Archean upper mantle hydration by flat slab subduction of >3.3 Ga oceanic crust at shallow level with vestiges of primordial oceanic crust forming deep cratonic mantle roots beneath the Dharwar Craton. The temporal transition towards mantle hydration beneath Dharwar Craton during the Mesoarchean can be correlated with the onset of subduction‐driven plate tectonics and ocean–crust–mantle interactions.

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Long-lived connection between southern Siberia and northern Laurentia in the Proterozoic

Cited by 264 publications

References 54 publications

True Polar Wander: A Key Indicator for Plate Configuration and Mantle Convection During the Late Neoproterozoic

True Polar Wander: A Key Indicator for Plate Configuration and Mantle Convection During the Late Neoproterozoic

Initiation of Snowball Earth with volcanic sulfur aerosol emissions

An appraisal of geochemical signatures of komatiites from the greenstone belts of Dharwar Craton, India: Implications for temporal transition and Archean upper mantle hydration

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