Luminescent metal–organic frameworks (LMOFs) are
one of
the most promising materials for being implemented as active layers
in the fabrication of photonic devices such as luminescent sensors
of harmful chemicals. It is highly desirable that these materials
undergo quantifiable spectroscopic (absorption or emission) changes
in the presence of vapors of those analytes, as in many industrial
processes, these toxic compounds are in the gas phase. Although great
progresses have been achieved in the field, in most of the examples
reported hitherto, the detection of chemicals by LMOFs is attained
in solution. Herein, we present a novel approach consisting of the
encapsulation of proton transfer dyes (8-hydroxypyrene-1,3,6-trisulfonic
acid trisodium salt, HPTS, and 3-hydroxyflavone, 3-HF) within the
pores of two distinct MOFs. The trapped proton transfer dyes (PT-dyes)
may exist as different structures (enol, anion, or zwitterion), each
of these exhibiting unique optical properties. Indeed, our findings
reveal that the dyes can be encapsulated as anionic or enol species.
Remarkably, the PT-dye@MOF composites exhibit a high luminescence
quantum yield (up to 30%), which is sensitive (showing shifting in
the emission wavelengths with a concomitant quenching/enhancement
of the intensity) in the presence of vapors of an acid (HCl) and a
base (triethylamine). These results open a novel avenue for the development
of smarter vapoluminescent MOF-based materials.