Long-lived iridium(III) complexes as luminescent probes for the detection of periodate in living cells

Membrane protein channels equipped with a cleavable linker for inducing catalysis inside nanocompartments

“…31,32 The advantages of periodate lie in its specificity, stability, and reactivity under neutral and mild conditions, and even more so in its compatibility with the preparation of a plethora of bioactive natural products and fine chemicals. [33][34][35][36] Conditions used for the cleavage by periodate usually do not significantly perturb the structure of proteins 37,38 although side reactions such as the cleavage of glycans, methionines, cysteines or the oxidation of N-terminal threonine and serine moieties may occur. In addition, there are different examples of enzymes with periodate tolerance, such as hydrolases [39][40][41] or proteases.…”

Cyclometalated Iridium(III) Complexes as High-Sensitivity Two-Photon Excited Mitochondria Dyes and Near-Infrared Photodynamic Therapy Agents

“…Furthermore, heteroleptic Ir­(III) complexes with bipyridyl (N^N) and cyclometalating (C^N) ligands have shown high photostability due to high-lying metal-centered states and easily tunable highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy levels. Their high photostability allows cyclometalated Ir­(III) complexes to be used for continuous irradiation and real-time monitoring of intracellular trafficking . Their long-lived triplet states result in long lifetimes and facilitate possible reactions with oxygen to generate singlet oxygen ( 1 O 2 ) and/or other reactive oxygen species (ROS), and their large Stokes shift can minimize the possible self-quenching effect even at high concentration. − In addition to d-block metals, f-block-element complexes, particularly Gd­(III) and Lu­(III), have also been reported for their TP-PDT activity. , …”

Strategies to promote permeation and vectorization, and reduce cytotoxicity of metal complex luminophores for bioimaging and intracellular sensing

“…21 Complexes bearing reactive functional groups are also often included in probe design to permit facile follow-on conjugation or click chemistries for vectorisation or for targeted cellular or bio-orthogonal reactions. [22][23][24][25][26] Lastly, the long-lived and triplet nature of metal complex excited states can be harnessed for intracellular sensing, most notably through quenching by oxygen (O 2 ) and detection of reactive oxygen species (ROS). 27,28 The most widely reported metal luminophores applied to cellular imaging to date are those of Ru(II), Ir(III), Re(I) and Pt(II) coordination compounds, but there are exciting recent examples that have focussed on Os(II) and Zn(II), as outlined below.…”