“…It does not matter whether they are real-valued, integer-valued, (0, 1)-bounded or strictly positive, as long as there is a conditional density for which the score function and the Hessian are well-defined. The practical relevance of the GAS framework has been illustrated in the case of financial risk forecasting (see e.g., Harvey and Sucarrat (2014) for market risk, Oh and Patton (2016) for systematic risk, and Creal, Schwaab, Koopman, and Lucas (2014) for credit risk analysis), dependence modeling (see e.g., Harvey and Thiele (2016) and Janus, Koopman, and Lucas (2014)), and spatial econometrics (see e.g., Blasques, Koopman, Lucas, and Schaumburg (2016b) and Catania and Billé (2017)). For a more complete overview of the work on GAS models, we refer the reader to the GAS community page at http://www.gasmodel.com/.…”