Long non-coding RNAs: An emerging powerhouse in the battle between life and death of tumor cells

Xiong, Xing Dong; Ren, Xingcong; Cai, Meng; Yang, Jay W.; Liu, Xinguang; Yang, Jin Ming

doi:10.1016/j.drup.2016.04.001

Cited by 86 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 143 publications

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“…LncRNAs are > 200 nucleotides in length and can regulate gene expression at the transcriptional, post-transcriptional or epigenetic levels [69]. Accumulating evidence shows that lncRNAs are altered in cancer and can promote tumor formation, progression and metastasis [70].…”

Section: Circulating Rnasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Liquid biopsy: a step forward towards precision medicine in urologic malignancies

et al. 2017

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There is a growing trend towards exploring the use of a minimally invasive “liquid biopsy” to identify biomarkers in a number of cancers, including urologic malignancies. Multiple aspects can be assessed in circulating cell-free DNA, including cell-free DNA levels, integrity, methylation and mutations. Other prospective liquid biopsy markers include circulating tumor cells, circulating RNAs (miRNA, lncRNAs and mRNAs), cell-free proteins, peptides and exosomes have also emerged as non-invasive cancer biomarkers. These circulating molecules can be detected in various biological fluids, including blood, urine, saliva and seminal plasma. Liquid biopsies hold great promise for personalized medicine due to their ability to provide multiple non-invasive global snapshots of the primary and metastatic tumors. Molecular profiling of circulating molecules has been a stepping-stone to the successful introduction of several non-invasive multi-marker tests into the clinic. In this review, we provide an overview of the current state of cell-free DNA-based kidney, prostate and bladder cancer biomarker research and discuss the potential utility other circulating molecules. We will also discuss the challenges and limitations facing non-invasive cancer biomarker discovery and the benefits of this growing area of translational research.

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Section: Circulating Rnasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Liquid biopsy: a step forward towards precision medicine in urologic malignancies

et al. 2017

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“…Broadly, lncRNAs can be classified based on their genomic localization and orientation relative to protein coding genes into several categories: (1) long intergenic noncoding RNAs (LincRNAs), consisting of separate transcript units that are located between but do not overlap with protein-coding genes; (2) intronic transcripts, that are located within intron regions of protein-coding genes (sense or antisense); (3) overlapping lncRNAs that are overlapping with other genes either divergently or convergently transcribed; and (4) bidirectional ncRNAs (BincRNAs) with transcripts that are transcribed from divergent bidirectional promoters (see Figure 1; Guttman et al, 2009; Li and Ramchandran, 2010; Mattick and Rinn, 2015). Despite the diversities of lncRNAs, they share some common features, including: (1) most lncRNAs are transcribed by RNA polymerase II, spliced and modified with a 5′-cap and a poly-A tail, which makes them undistinguishable from protein-coding mRNAs; (2) they are poorly conserved at the sequence level, have a relatively low expression level and display a much more cell-tissue-specific pattern; and (3) they are generally regulated by transcription factors (Xiong et al, 2016). In addition, another subgroup of lncRNAs, the circular RNAs (circRNAs) have recently come into focus with the discovery of their pervasiveness and evolutionary conservation in mammalian and human cells (Jeck and Sharpless, 2014).…”

Section: Characters and Functions Of Lncrnasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulatory Roles of Long Non-Coding RNAs in the Central Nervous System and Associated Neurodegenerative Diseases

Quan

Zheng

Qing

2017

Front. Cell. Neurosci.

105

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Accumulating studies have revealed that the human genome encodes tens of thousands of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), which participate in multiple biological networks modulating gene expression via transcriptional, post-transcriptional and epigenetic regulation. Strikingly, a large fraction of tissue-specific lncRNAs are expressed in the Central Nervous System (CNS) with precisely regulated temporal and spatial expression patterns. These brain-specific lncRNAs are also featured with the cell-type specificity, the highest signals of evolutionary conservation, and their preferential location adjacent to brain-expressed protein-coding genes. Mounting evidence has indicated dysregulation or mutations in lncRNA gene loci are associated with a variety of CNS-associated neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, Huntington’s diseases, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and others. However, how lncRNAs contribute to these disorders remains to be further explored and studied. In this review article, we systematically and comprehensively summarize the current studies of lncRNAs, demonstrate the specificity of lncRNAs expressed in the brain, their functions during neural development and expression profiles in major cell types of the CNS, highlight the regulatory mechanisms of several studied lncRNAs that may play essential roles in the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases, and discuss the current challenges and future perspectives of lncRNA studies involved in neurodegenerative and other diseases.

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“…In addition, lnRNA as a tumor marker has a higher sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis and prognosis of OC. 56 However, compared with microRNA, the research of lncRNA is still in the fledgling stage. Only a small amount of lncRNAs are identified and found to be associated with OC, and the molecular mechanisms of their role in the development and progression of OC are still not yet well defined.…”

Section: Conclusion and Prospectivementioning

confidence: 99%

Dysregulated Expression of Long Noncoding RNAs in Ovarian Cancer

Zhong¹,

Gao²,

He³

et al. 2016

Int J Gynecol Cancer

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Ovarian cancer is the leading cause of death among women with gynecologic malignancies. The development and progression of ovarian cancer are complex and a multiple-step process. New biomarker molecules for diagnostic and prognostic are essential for novel therapeutic targets and to extend the survival time of patients with ovarian cancer. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are non–protein-coding transcripts longer than 200 nucleotides that have recently been found as key regulators of various biological processes and to be involved in the development and progression of many diseases including cancers. In this review, we summarized the expression pattern of several dysregulated lncRNAs (HOTAIR, H19, XIST, and HOST2) and the functional molecular mechanism of these lncRNAs on the initiation and progression of ovarian cancer. The lncRNAs as biomarkers may be used for current and future clinical diagnosis, therapeutics, and prognosis.

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Long non-coding RNAs: An emerging powerhouse in the battle between life and death of tumor cells

Cited by 86 publications

References 143 publications

Liquid biopsy: a step forward towards precision medicine in urologic malignancies

Liquid biopsy: a step forward towards precision medicine in urologic malignancies

Regulatory Roles of Long Non-Coding RNAs in the Central Nervous System and Associated Neurodegenerative Diseases

Dysregulated Expression of Long Noncoding RNAs in Ovarian Cancer

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