Long Non-coding RNAs and MicroRNAs Interplay in Osteogenic Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Abstract

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have gained great attention as epigenetic regulators of gene expression in many tissues. Increasing evidence indicates that lncRNAs, together with microRNAs (miRNAs), play a pivotal role in osteogenesis. While miRNA action mechanism relies mainly on miRNA-mRNA interaction, resulting in suppressed expression, lncRNAs affect mRNA functionality through different activities, including interaction with miRNAs. Recent advances in RNA sequencing technology have improved knowledge into the molecular pathways regulated by the interaction of lncRNAs and miRNAs. This review reports on the recent knowledge of lncRNAs and miRNAs roles as key regulators of osteogenic differentiation. Specifically, we described herein the recent discoveries on lncRNA-miRNA crosstalk during the osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived from bone marrow (BM), as well as from different other anatomical regions. The deep understanding of the connection between miRNAs and lncRNAs during the osteogenic differentiation will strongly improve knowledge into the molecular mechanisms of bone growth and development, ultimately leading to discover innovative diagnostic and therapeutic tools for osteogenic disorders and bone diseases.

Epigenetics of Male Infertility: The Role of DNA Methylation

“…For instance, the imprinted genes IGF2-H19 share common enhancers and ICR located downstream and upstream of the H19 gene, respectively. Under normal circumstances, ICR and H19 are methylated in sperm cells and unmethylated in oocytes, leading to the reciprocal expression of the maternal H19 allele and paternal IGF2 allele in somatic cells (Figure 3; Peters, 2000;Lanzillotti et al, 2021). Other paternally imprinted genes have been found to be similarly regulated in sperm cells, such as Ras Protein Specific Guanine Nucleotide Releasing Factor 1, Delta Like Non-Canonical Notch Ligand 1, and Zinc Finger DBF-Type Containing 2 (Arnaud, 2010;Gunes et al, 2016).…”

Radiation-Induced Osteocyte Senescence Alters Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cell Differentiation Potential via Paracrine Signaling

“…In addition, osteocytes are the most abundant cells among a variety of bone microenvironment cells and play critical roles in orchestrating bone remodeling. Therefore, the premature aging of long-living osteocytes induced by stress seems to have a deleterious effect on bone remodeling [20,[22][23][24]. In the present study, osteocyte-like MLO-Y4 cells represented by in-vitro-cultured osteocytes exhibited a senescent phenotype accompanying DNA damage under γ-ray irradiation; more crucially, radiation-induced senescent osteocyte-like MLO-Y4 cells could secrete multiple SASP factors that could subsequently alter the osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation potential of BMSCs.…”

Interleukin-1β in Multifactorial Hypertension: Inflammation, Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell and Extracellular Matrix Remodeling, and Non-Coding RNA Regulation

“…Although it has been generally assumed that most genetic information is transacted by proteins via encoding mRNAs, recent evidence suggests that the majority of the genomes of mammals is transcribed into ncRNA that does not encode a protein, including microRNAs (miRNAs), small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) and various classes of long ncRNAs (lncRNAs). Despite the fact that many aspects of their biology remain to be understood, increasing evidence has unveiled a slew of influential roles of the ncRNA as transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulators; thus, they are expected to be associated with cellular dysfunction and disease [54][55][56][57]. So far, ncRNA is linked to many cardiovascular diseases, and this growing body of work is nicely summarized by Zhang and others [58,59].…”