Long noncoding RNA H19: functions and mechanisms in regulating programmed cell death in cancer

Abstract

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a group of noncoding RNAs with transcript lengths of >200 nucleotides. Mounting evidence suggests that lncRNAs are closely associated with tumorigenesis. LncRNA H19 (H19) was the first lncRNA to function as an oncogene in many malignant tumors. Apart from the established role of H19 in promoting cell growth, proliferation, invasion, migration, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and metastasis, it has been recently discovered that H19 also inhibits programmed cell death (PCD) of cancer cells. In this review, we summarize the mechanisms by which H19 regulates PCD in cancer cells through various signaling pathways, molecular mechanisms, and epigenetic modifications. H19 regulates PCD through the Wnt/β-catenin pathway and the PI3K–Akt–mTOR pathway. It also acts as a competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) in PCD regulation. The interaction between H19 and RNA-binding proteins (RBP) regulates apoptosis in cancer. Moreover, epigenetic modifications, including DNA and RNA methylation and histone modifications, are also involved in H19-associated PCD regulation. In conclusion, we summarize the role of H19 signaling via PCD in cancer chemoresistance, highlighting the promising research significance of H19 as a therapeutic target. We hope that our study will contribute to a broader understanding of H19 in cancer development and treatment.

Analysis of VEGF, IGF1/2 and the Long Noncoding RNA (lncRNA) H19 Expression in Polish Women with Endometriosis

“…LncRNA H19 (H19) was the first lncRNA to function as an oncogene in many malignant tumors [11]. In addition to H19's established role in promoting cell growth, proliferation, invasion, migration, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and metastasis, H19 has recently been discovered to inhibit programmed cell death (PCD) of cancer cells [12].Endometriosis is not classified as a malignant neoplasm. Nevertheless, due to its complex structure, which includes stromal, epithelial and vascular components, as well as due to changes in the genetic material, the structure of endometriosis cells is similar to thatobserved in malignant tumors.…”