Long-range interacting Stark many-body probes with super-Heisenberg precision

Abstract

In contrast to interferometry-based quantum sensing, where interparticle interaction is detrimental, quantum many-body probes exploit such interactions to achieve quantum-enhanced sensitivity. In most of the studied quantum many-body probes, the interaction is considered to be short-ranged. Here, we investigate the impact of long-range interaction at various filling factors on the performance of Stark quantum probes for measuring a small gradient field. These probes harness the ground state Stark localization phase transition which happens at an infinitesimal gradient field as the system size increases. Our results show that while superHeisenberg precision is always achievable in all ranges of interaction, the longrange interacting Stark probe reveals two distinct behaviors. First, by algebraically increasing the range of interaction, the localization power enhances and thus the sensitivity of the probe decreases. Second, as the interaction range becomes close to a fully connected graph its effective localization power disappears and thus the sensitivity of the probe starts to enhance again. The super-Heisenberg precision is achievable throughout the extended phase until the transition point and remains valid even when the state preparation time is incorporated in the resource analysis. As the probe enters the localized phase, the sensitivity decreases and its performance becomes size-independent, following a universal behavior. In addition, our analysis shows that lower filling factors lead to better precision for measuring weak gradient fields.

Critical non-Hermitian topology induced quantum sensing

“…These problems can be tackled using quantum many-body sensors, while still achieving enhanced sensitivity near quantum criticality. This was shown for various types of quantum phase transitions such as second-order [28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38], Floquet [39,40], Stark-localization [41,42], boundary time crystal [43,44], and topological [45] phase transitions. All of these transitions bear one common feature, which is the closing of an energy gap.…”