Long-range transport of photochemical ozone in north-western Europe

Cox, R. A.; Eggleton, A. E. J.; Derwent, R.G.; Lovelock, J. E.; Pack, Donald H.

doi:10.1038/255118a0

Cited by 153 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Cox et al, 1975;Harrison et al, 1978;Oltmans, 1981;Kelly et al, 1984;Broder and Gygax, 1985;Broder et al, 1981;Fehsenfeld et al, 1983;Lifshitz et al, 1988;Shepson et al, 1992b). The decrease has been attributed to the 03' isolated within the NBL, depositing to the surface and reacting with freshly emitted NO under the inversion.…”

Section: Effect Ofthe Nbl On the Concentration Ofreactive Trace Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of the nocturnal boundary layer on secondary trace species in the atmosphere at Dorset, Ontario

Hastie

Shepson

Sharma

et al. 1993

Atmospheric Environment. Part A. General Topics

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Abstract-The impact ofthe nocturnal boundary layer (NBL) on the concentrations of03' H 2 0 2 , PAN and CH20 has been studied for two 4-day periods, one in the summer of 1989 and the other in the spring of 1990. Where the presence of the nocturnal layer is clear, 03' PAN and CH 2 0 concentrations decrease rapidly and these species appear to be deposited to the surface. Break-up of the inversion in the morning returns concentrations to levels typical ofthe previous day. H 2 0 2 is removed much faster than the other species and it is replenished much more slowly. This appears to be due to the H 2 0 2 dissolving in water droplets resulting from the rapid cooling of the air. There is evidence for a morning maximum in PAN, likely due to the combination of high concentrations being brought downwards during the break-up of the NBL followed by thermal decomposition. Key word index:Ozone, hydrogen peroxide, formaldehyde, PAN, nocturnal boundary layer, deposition, nighttime chemistry. INTRODUCfIONField measurement studies are an important part of the atmospheric chemists' arsenal. They are performed to give data to assist in understanding specific questions in atmospheric chemistry, and for the development and evaluation of photochemical models.For convenience, most field measurements are made at the surface. However, the presence of the ground, and other local effects, can often significantly impact the observations, masking the larger scale chemical features one wishes to study. One such factor is the occurrence of a strong nocturnal boundary layer (NBL). By isolating the air being sampled from the bulk of the air aloft, for several hours each night, it often plays the principal role in determining the diurnal variation of the surface concentrations of a number of the more reactive species.In this paper we look in detail at the measurements of a number of secondary, reactive, trace gases, made at a rural site in Ontario, to see the effect of the NBL on their concentrations. The gases under study were 0 3 , HzO z , CHzO and PAN. These species have no direct emission sources, with the exception of a small amount of CHzO from combustion, and originate from atmospheric oxidation chemistry. By concentrating on these species, it is possible to focus on the chemistry that is occurring, rather than on the emission or transport processes. Furthermore, using the NBL to isolate a relatively small section of the atmosphere accentuates the observable consequences of any of these processes. Although the concentrations of this suite of species would be expected to be related, they have unique atmospheric lifetimes and decay mechanisms, and therefore they constitute a diverse set of molecules with which to probe our understanding of the system.The behaviour of ozone under the NBL is well documented (e.g. Cox et al., 1975;Harrison et al., 1978;Oltmans, 1981; Kelly et al., 1984; Broder and Gygax, 1985;Broder et al., 1981; Fehsenfeld et al., 1983;Lifshitz et al., 1988;Shepson et al., 1992b). However, the previously reported diurnal behavi...

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Section: Effect Ofthe Nbl On the Concentration Ofreactive Trace Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of the nocturnal boundary layer on secondary trace species in the atmosphere at Dorset, Ontario

Hastie

Shepson

Sharma

et al. 1993

Atmospheric Environment. Part A. General Topics

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“…This ozone formation is driven by photochemically initiated reactions and is enhanced by high temperatures, so that high ozone concentrations are typically found in high-pressure meteorological situations, with clear skies and elevated temperatures [Cox et al, 1975;Guicherit and Van Dop, 1977;Scholdager, 1984].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biogenic emissions in Europe: 1. Estimates and uncertainties

Simpson¹,

Guenther²,

Hewitt³

et al. 1995

J. Geophys. Res.

356

189

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Several biogenic volatile organic compound (VOC) emission algorithms have been used, together with meteorological data from the EMEP MSC‐W ozone model, to generate estimates of the emissions of isoprene from European forests and agricultural crops over several summer periods. The most up‐to‐date estimate combines the recently updated isoprene emission factors from the United States with available knowledge of European tree species and emission factors. In some cases these European emission factors are significantly different from their U.S. equivalents because of differences in the tree species represented within a forest classification, especially with regard to spruce genera and Mediterranean oak genera. The new estimates have resulted in an approximate factor of 2–3 increase in isoprene emissions from northern Europe but a factor of 2 decrease in isoprene estimates for southern Europe. Overall, European isoprene emissions are estimated to be about 4000 kt C yr−1, approximately 50–100% greater than previous estimates. Preliminary estimates are also made of the emissions of the so‐called OVOC (other VOC) from forests and of soil NOx emissions. All of these estimates of biogenic emissions are subject to considerable uncertainty, not least because of a lack of knowledge of the species coverage in most European countries and of the appropriate emission factors which should be applied. Factors of 5–10 uncertainty are not unlikely for episodic ozone calculations. The implications of these uncertainties for the results of control strategy evaluations for rural ozone in Europe are assessed in a companion paper.

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“…Other meteorological conditions such as persistent winds causing long range transport aloft also contribute to elevated oxidant episodes. 15 ' 16 The number of stagnations during the May through October period varied considerably from year to year. 10 From as little as one stagnation of 5 days duration to as many as 10 stagnations covering a total of 57 days can occur in any one year with a 40 yr average of 5 stagnations over a total of 28 days/yr.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of Oxidant Episodes with Warm Stagnating Anticyclones

Altshuiler¹

1978

Journal of the Air Pollution Control Association

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Long-range transport of photochemical ozone in north-western Europe

Cited by 153 publications

References 5 publications

The influence of the nocturnal boundary layer on secondary trace species in the atmosphere at Dorset, Ontario

The influence of the nocturnal boundary layer on secondary trace species in the atmosphere at Dorset, Ontario

Biogenic emissions in Europe: 1. Estimates and uncertainties

Association of Oxidant Episodes with Warm Stagnating Anticyclones

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