Long-term (2001–2012) concentrations of fine particulate matter (PM&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;2.5&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;) and the impact on human health in Beijing, China

Zheng, Sheng; Pozzer, Andrea; Cao, Chunxiang; Lelieveld, Jos

doi:10.5194/acp-15-5715-2015

Cited by 188 publications

(81 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…The IER has been used in a number of recent studies9525354555657 and allows for age-dependent calculation of relative risk for five different diseases (RR d ) associated with PM 2.5 exposure: lower respiratory infections, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, lung cancer, ischemic heart disease and stroke.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Population exposure to hazardous air quality due to the 2015 fires in Equatorial Asia

Crippa

Castruccio

Archer‐Nicholls

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

191

188

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Vegetation and peatland fires cause poor air quality and thousands of premature deaths across densely populated regions in Equatorial Asia. Strong El-Niño and positive Indian Ocean Dipole conditions are associated with an increase in the frequency and intensity of wildfires in Indonesia and Borneo, enhancing population exposure to hazardous concentrations of smoke and air pollutants. Here we investigate the impact on air quality and population exposure of wildfires in Equatorial Asia during Fall 2015, which were the largest over the past two decades. We performed high-resolution simulations using the Weather Research and Forecasting model with Chemistry based on a new fire emission product. The model captures the spatio-temporal variability of extreme pollution episodes relative to space- and ground-based observations and allows for identification of pollution sources and transport over Equatorial Asia. We calculate that high particulate matter concentrations from fires during Fall 2015 were responsible for persistent exposure of 69 million people to unhealthy air quality conditions. Short-term exposure to this pollution may have caused 11,880 (6,153–17,270) excess mortalities. Results from this research provide decision-relevant information to policy makers regarding the impact of land use changes and human driven deforestation on fire frequency and population exposure to degraded air quality.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Population exposure to hazardous air quality due to the 2015 fires in Equatorial Asia

Crippa

Castruccio

Archer‐Nicholls

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

191

188

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In the capital, one of the most densely populated and severely polluted cities in China, air pollution and associated health hazards have led to deep national and international public concerns [20,21]. In the present study, based on the ground-level PM 2.5 concentration data and the daily respiratory-cardiovascular mortality data, we assessed changes in PM 2.5 concentrations, air quality level and mortality effects associated with shortterm exposure to PM 2.5 in Beijing during the pre-and post-emission reduction periods.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of the short-term mortality effect of the national action plan on air pollution in Beijing, China

Han

Sun

Gong

et al. 2020

Environ. Res. Lett.

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The Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan (referred to as the Action Plan henceforth) provides a golden opportunity for China to evaluate whether the remarkable air quality improvements as a result of the plan have brought about health benefits to residents. Based on the ground-level particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of less than 2.5 μm (PM 2.5 ) concentrations and the daily respiratory-cardiovascular mortality, we aimed to assess changes in the mortality effect associated with short-term exposure to PM 2.5 due to the implementation of the Action Plan in Beijing. We analyzed the changes in PM 2.5 concentrations and air quality during the pre-and post-emission reduction periods. We then used the generalized additive model to estimate the changes in mortality risk associated with PM 2.5 exposure during both periods. We found that following the introduction of the Action Plan, the annual average PM 2.5 concentrations declined from 101.7 μg m −3 in 2013 to 58.6 μg m −3 in 2017, attaining the target of the plan (60 μg m −3 ). The remarkable reduction in PM 2.5 concentrations has led to a marked decrease in mortality risk. Compared with the pre-emission reduction level, total respiratory mortality decreased from 0.56% (95% CI: 0.40%-0.73%) to 0.43% (95% CI: 0.23%-0.63%), while the total cardiovascular mortality decreased from 0.44% (95% CI: 0.37%-0.52%) to 0.29% (95% CI: 0.19%-0.39%). Significant decreases were also observed in sex-specific subgroups. Our study implied that the significant efforts of the nation to clean China's air has yielded positive results of air quality improvement and human health protection in Beijing. However, the ambient air pollution in Beijing remains severe. The PM 2.5 concentrations still exceed the level (annual average of 10 μg m −3 ) recommended by the World Health Organization. Thus, consistent efforts are required to implement the emission abatement measures to continuously curb air pollution and protect public health.

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“…Haze episodes frequently occur in the North China Plain Sun et al, 2013bSun et al, , 2014Yang et al, 2015;Zhao et al, 2013], not only causing severe air pollution but also exerting harmful effects on human health [Cao et al, 2012;S. Zheng et al, 2015].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aerosol characterization over the North China Plain: Haze life cycle and biomass burning impacts in summer

et al. 2016

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The North China Plain experiences frequent severe haze pollution during all seasons. Here we present the results from a summer campaign that was conducted at Xianghe, a suburban site located between the megacities of Beijing and Tianjin. Aerosol particle composition was measured in situ by an Aerosol Chemical Speciation Monitor along with a suite of collocated measurements during 1-30 June 2013. Our results showed that aerosol composition at the suburban site was overall similar to that observed in Beijing, which was mainly composed of organics (39%), nitrate (20%), and sulfate (18%). Positive matrix factorization of organic aerosol (OA) identified four OA factors with different sources and processes. While secondary organic aerosol dominated OA, on average accounting for 70%, biomass burning OA (BBOA) was also observed to have a considerable contribution (11%) for the entire study period. The contribution of BBOA was increased to 21% during the BB period in late June, indicating a large impact of agricultural burning on air pollution in summer. Biomass burning also exerted a significant impact on aerosol optical properties. It was estimated that~60% enhancement of absorption at the ultraviolet spectral region was caused by the organic compounds from biomass burning. The formation mechanisms and sources of severe haze pollution episodes were investigated in a case study. The results highlighted two different mechanisms, i.e., regional transport and local sources, driving the haze life cycles differently in summer in the North China Plain. While secondary aerosol species dominated aerosol composition in the episode from regional transport, organics and black carbon comprised the major fraction in the locally formed haze episode.

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Long-term (2001–2012) concentrations of fine particulate matter (PM<sub>2.5</sub>) and the impact on human health in Beijing, China

Cited by 188 publications

References 47 publications

Population exposure to hazardous air quality due to the 2015 fires in Equatorial Asia

Population exposure to hazardous air quality due to the 2015 fires in Equatorial Asia

Assessment of the short-term mortality effect of the national action plan on air pollution in Beijing, China

Aerosol characterization over the North China Plain: Haze life cycle and biomass burning impacts in summer

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