Long-term (4 year) degradation behavior of coated stainless steel 441 used for solid oxide fuel cell interconnect applications

Goebel, Claudia; Berger, Robert; Bernuy-López, Carlos; Westlinder, Jörgen; Svensson, Jan‐Erik; Froitzheim, Jan

doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2019.227480

Cited by 38 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…The chromium evaporation on the uncoated coupons is about 10 times higher than Ce/Co sheet-coated coupons. Similar behavior is shown by Ce/Co sheet-coated coupons on different substrates such as Sanergy HT at 650 o C (8) and 750 o C (8), AISI 441 at 800 °C (10), 850 °C (6). The rate of chromium evaporation on the uncoated and sheet-coated samples decreased rapidly during the first week and is almost constant for the rest of the exposure.…”

Section: Chromium Evaporationsupporting

confidence: 66%

Reevaluating the Cr Evaporation Characteristics of Ce/Co Coatings for Interconnect Applications

2021

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Cathode poisoning by chromium evaporation from the interconnects is one of the major degradation mechanisms in SOFC. Coatings have proved to be very effective in suppressing chromium evaporation on interconnects. The quantification of chromium evaporation is important for determining the chromium consumption in the interconnect and predicting the lifetime of the interconnect. Chromium evaporation of uncoated and Ce/Co coated Crofer 22 APU is reevaluated at 800°C. The chromium evaporation of Ce/Co coatings on steel sheets and precut steels is studied. Coupons cut from Ce/Co coated sheets have uncoated edges, which influence the chromium evaporation measurements. The true chromium evaporation of the coated interconnects is evaluated. The PVD Ce/Co coatings on Crofer 22 APU reduce the chromium evaporation by at least 60 times compared to the uncoated at 800°C.

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Section: Chromium Evaporationsupporting

confidence: 66%

Reevaluating the Cr Evaporation Characteristics of Ce/Co Coatings for Interconnect Applications

2021

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“…Other studies have indicated the possibility of using coated type 441 [9,11,24,29e31], 444 [32e36], and 430 [17,20,30,36e39] for an interconnect application. Goebel et al [11] have shown that a Ce/Co-coated AISI 441 steel is stable for up to 38 000 h in air at 800 C. Nevertheless, some challenges of using low-cost steels as interconnects include the formation of insulating SiO 2 scales, poor scale adherence, and lower oxidation resistance than the tailored steels. SiO 2 scales are perceived to be detrimental to SOFC performance due to high resistivity [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

11–23% Cr steels for solid oxide fuel cell interconnect applications at 800 °C – How the coating determines oxidation kinetics

Reddy

Chausson

Svensson

et al. 2023

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy

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“…From the morphological point of view, the substrate/sealant interface evolved over time, showing an increase in steel roughness ( Figure 5 ) as a result of the high-temperature oxidation [ 23 , 51 ] promoted by the testing conditions. The roughness ratio of the substrate, calculated on samples as sintered, aged for 100 h and 250 h, showed an increase over time.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Glass-Ceramic Sealant for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells at Operating Conditions by Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy

et al. 2020

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A commercially available glass-ceramic composition is applied on a ferritic stainless steel (FSS) substrate reproducing a type of interface present in solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) stacks. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) is used to study the electrical response of the assembly in the temperature range of 380–780 °C and during aging for 250 h at 780 °C. Post-experiment analyses, performed by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD), and along cross-sections by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis, highlight the microstructural changes promoted by aging conditions over time. In particular, progressive crystallization of the glass-ceramic, high temperature corrosion of the substrate and diffusion of Fe and Cr ions from the FSS substrate into the sealant influence the electrical response of the system under investigation. The electrical measurements show an increase in conductivity to 5 × 10−6 S∙cm−1, more than one order of magnitude below the maximum recommended value.

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Long-term (4 year) degradation behavior of coated stainless steel 441 used for solid oxide fuel cell interconnect applications

Cited by 38 publications

References 48 publications

Reevaluating the Cr Evaporation Characteristics of Ce/Co Coatings for Interconnect Applications

Reevaluating the Cr Evaporation Characteristics of Ce/Co Coatings for Interconnect Applications

11–23% Cr steels for solid oxide fuel cell interconnect applications at 800 °C – How the coating determines oxidation kinetics

Characterization of Glass-Ceramic Sealant for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells at Operating Conditions by Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy

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