Long-term antibody persistence and exceptional vaccination response on previously SARS-CoV-2 infected subjects

Resta, Chiara Di; Tomaiuolo, Rossella; Sabetta, Eleonora; Pontillo, Marina; Motta, Andréa; Locatelli, Massimo

doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.06.020

Cited by 23 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 16 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The highest median antibody titer was observed after 4 weeks of double dose for all the seropositive (at T0) participants. The antibody titer increased ~ 17-fold in those participants when compared with their antibody level at T0 and is in corroboration to other reports from elsewhere ( 14 , 15 ). Nearly half of the breakthrough cases were found in HCWs were previously infected at different timepoints.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 91%

Persistence of Antibodies Against Spike Glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2 in Healthcare Workers Post Double Dose of BBV-152 and AZD1222 Vaccines

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Purpose: We investigated the persistence of the vaccine-induced immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) among healthcare workers (HCWs) in Odisha who received a complete dose of either Covaxin or Covishield vaccine.Methods: This 24-week longitudinal cohort study was conducted from January to July 2021 with participants from 6 healthcare and research facilities of Odisha to understand the dynamicity of the vaccine-induced IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 after the complete dose of vaccines.Results: Serum samples were collected from 614 participants during each follow-up and were tested in two chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay (CLIA)-based platforms to detect SARS-CoV-2 antibodies both qualitatively and quantitatively. Among these participants, 308 (50.2%) participants were Covishield recipients and the rest 306 (49.8%) participants took Covaxin. A total of 81 breakthrough cases were recorded and the rest 533 HCWs without any history of postvaccination infection showed significant antibody waning either from T3 (Covaxin recipient) or T4 (Covishield recipient). The production of vaccine-induced IgG antibodies is significantly higher (p < 0.001) in Covishield compared with Covaxin. Covishield recipients produced higher median anti-S IgG titer than Covaxin. No statistically significant differences in antibody titers were observed based on age, gender, comorbidities, and blood groups.Conclusion: This 6-month follow-up study documents a 2-fold and 4-fold decrease in spike antibody titer among Covishield and Covaxin recipients, respectively. The clinical implications of antibody waning after vaccination are not well understood. It also highlights the need for further data to understand the long-term persistence of vaccine-induced antibody and threshold antibody titer required for protection against reinfection.

show abstract

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 91%

Persistence of Antibodies Against Spike Glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2 in Healthcare Workers Post Double Dose of BBV-152 and AZD1222 Vaccines

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Considering the impact of previous infection with SARS-CoV-2 on serological response, as previously reported [ 5 , 19 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 ], we confirmed that this was associated with significantly higher antibody levels, with approximately half of the subjects displaying values exceeding the upper limit of detection and a remaining 20% in the immediately lower quintile. This finding is relevant, considering that our study was performed at 4–5 months post-vaccination, whereas most studies evaluated individuals at 3 to 7 weeks post-vaccination.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…This finding is relevant, considering that our study was performed at 4–5 months post-vaccination, whereas most studies evaluated individuals at 3 to 7 weeks post-vaccination. For example, in the study by Ferrari and coll., in almost 99% of the cases, antibody titers exceeding the upper limit of detection were detected at 21 days after the first dose [ 32 ]. The overall available evidence strongly supports that a significant difference, both in magnitude and in persistence, exists in post-vaccination response between subjects with and without previous SARS-CoV-2 infection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors Influencing Level and Persistence of Anti SARS-CoV-2 IgG after BNT162b2 Vaccine: Evidence from a Large Cohort of Healthcare Workers

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We aimed at evaluating quantitative IgG response to BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccine among health care workers (HCW), and exploring the role of demographic, clinical, and occupational factors as predictors of IgG levels. On May 2021, among 6687 HCW at the largest tertiary care University-Hospital of Northwestern Italy, at a median of 15 weeks (Interquartile range-IQR 13.6–16.0) after second-dose, serological response was present in 99.8%. Seropositivity was >97% in all the subgroups, except those self-reporting immunodeficiency (94.9%). Overall, the median serological IgG value was 990 BAU/mL (IQR 551–1870), with most of subjects with previous SARS-CoV-2 infection or with shorter time lapse (2–8 weeks) between vaccination and serology with values in the highest quintile (>2080). At multivariable analysis, significant predictors of lower values were increasing age, male, current smoking, immunodeficiency, recent occupational contacts, and increasing time lapse from vaccination; conversely, previous infection and recent household contacts were significantly associated with higher IgG levels. Subjects with previous infection kept a very high level (around 2000 BAU/mL) up to 120 days. These results, besides supporting a high serological response up to 4–5 months, suggest predictive factors of faster decay of IgG levels that could be useful in tailoring vaccination strategies.

show abstract

“…These observations were verified in an extended cohort of Covid-naïve (n=68) and Covidrecovered (n=29) subjects who were assessed for up to 50 days after vaccination, and helped guide the decision by public health officials in nations including Italy, France, and Germany to administer a single vaccine dose to some people who had previously been exposed to and recovered from SARS-CoV-2, as a means to maximize the benefit of a limited vaccine supply. Similar findings regarding the effectiveness of a single SARS-CoV-2 vaccine dose in eliciting anti-spike IgG in previously exposed persons have since been reported by other researchers (35,36), and immunological memory may last as long as 11 months (37). While anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody production levels after infection correlate with Covid-19 symptom severity (27,38), a study of healthcare workers reported no effect of Covid-19 severity on subsequent post-vaccination antibody responses (39).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Immunoglobulin Isotypes, and Neutralization Activity Against Viral Variants, According to BNT162b2-Vaccination and Infection History

Tarkowski

Jager²,

Schiuma

et al. 2021

Front. Immunol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

PurposeTo compare SARS-CoV-2 antigen-specific antibody production and plasma neutralizing capacity against B.1 wild-type-like strain, and Gamma/P.1 and Delta/B.1.617.2 variants-of-concern, in subjects with different Covid-19 disease and vaccination histories.MethodsAdult subjects were: 1) Unvaccinated/hospitalized for Covid-19; 2) Covid-19-recovered followed by one BNT162b2 vaccine dose; and 3) Covid-19-naïve/2-dose BNT162b2 vaccinated. Multiplex Luminex® immunoassays measured IgG, IgA, and IgM plasma levels against SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain (RBD), spike-1 (S), and nucleocapsid proteins. Neutralizing activity was determined in Vero E6 cytopathic assays.ResultsMaximum anti-RBD IgG levels were similar in Covid-19‑recovered individuals 8‒10 days after single-dose vaccination and in Covid-19-naïve subjects 7 days after 2nd vaccine dosing; both groups had ≈2‑fold higher anti-RBD IgG levels than Unvaccinated/Covid-19 subjects tracked through 2 weeks post-symptom onset. Anti-S IgG expression patterns were similar to RBD within each group, but with lower signal strengths. Viral antigen-specific IgA and IgM levels were more variable than IgG patterns. Anti-nucleocapsid immunoglobulins were not detected in Covid-19-naïve subjects. Neutralizing activity against the B.1 strain, and Gamma/P.1 and Delta/B.1.617.2 variants, was highest in Covid‑19-recovered/single-dose vaccinated subjects; although neutralization against the Delta variant in this group was only 26% compared to B.1 neutralization, absolute anti-Delta titers suggested maintained protection. Neutralizing titers against the Gamma and Delta variants were 33‒77% and 26‒67%, respectively, versus neutralization against the B.1 strain (100%) in the three groups.ConclusionThese findings support SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine usefulness regardless of Covid-19 history, and confirm remarkable protection provided by a single vaccine dose in people who have recovered from Covid-19.

show abstract

Long-term antibody persistence and exceptional vaccination response on previously SARS-CoV-2 infected subjects

Cited by 23 publications

References 16 publications

Persistence of Antibodies Against Spike Glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2 in Healthcare Workers Post Double Dose of BBV-152 and AZD1222 Vaccines

Persistence of Antibodies Against Spike Glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2 in Healthcare Workers Post Double Dose of BBV-152 and AZD1222 Vaccines

Factors Influencing Level and Persistence of Anti SARS-CoV-2 IgG after BNT162b2 Vaccine: Evidence from a Large Cohort of Healthcare Workers

Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Immunoglobulin Isotypes, and Neutralization Activity Against Viral Variants, According to BNT162b2-Vaccination and Infection History

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About