Long-term Change in Cardiorespiratory Fitness and All-Cause Mortality

Laukkanen, Jari A.; Zaccardi, Francesco; Khan, Hassan; Kurl, Sudhir; Jae, Sae Young; Rauramaa, Rainer

doi:10.1016/j.mayocp.2016.05.014

Cited by 166 publications

(127 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Declining cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), determined by VO 2peak , is associated with increasing overall mortality and increasing NASH severity . The initial hypothesis of the current study was that liver disease severity prevents the ability of patients to achieve training effects, based on the systemic inflammation that occurs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Improvement of non‐invasive markers of NAFLD from an individualised, web‐based exercise program

Huber

Pfirrmann

Gebhardt

et al. 2019

Aliment Pharmacol Ther

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Summary Background Lifestyle modifications remain the cornerstone of treatment in non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, they requently fail related to the inability of patients to implement lasting changes. Aims To evaluate the effects of a short, web‐based, individualised exercise program on non‐invasive markers of hepatic steatosis, inflammation and fibrosis. Methods Patients with histologically confirmed NAFLD underwent an 8‐week, web‐based, individualised exercise program that contained bidirectional feedback. Results Forty‐four patients entered the study and 41 completed the assigned training goal (93.2%). In the completer population, 8 weeks of individualised exercise increased the VO2peak by 12.2% compared to baseline (P < .001). ALT and AST decreased by 14.3% (P = .002) and 18.2% (P < .001) and remained at this level until follow‐up 12 weeks after the intervention. Markers of inflammation including hsCRP, ferritin, and M30 decreased. In parallel, gut microbiota exhibited increased metagenomic richness (P < .05) and at the taxonomic levels Bacteroidetes and Euryarchaeota increased whereas Actinobacteria phylum decreased. Surrogate scores of steatosis and fibrosis including the fatty liver index (FLI), FiB‐4, APRI and transient elastography showed significant reductions. In parallel, a marker of procollagen‐3 turnover (PRO‐C3) decreased while C4M2, reflecting type IV collagen, degradation increased suggesting beneficial hepatic fibrosis remodelling from exercise. Also, an enhancement in health‐related quality of life was reported. Conclusion The current study underlines the plausibility and potential of an 8 week individualised web‐based exercise program in NAFLD. Clinical trial number: NCT02526732

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Improvement of non‐invasive markers of NAFLD from an individualised, web‐based exercise program

Huber

Pfirrmann

Gebhardt

et al. 2019

Aliment Pharmacol Ther

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“…Even if low-intensity activities might attenuate the detrimental effects of prolonged sitting,20 we argue that activities of moderate and high intensities should be advocated to achieve superior health benefits. Maintaining a good cardiorespiratory fitness over years is strongly and independently associated with improved health outcomes and survival 21 22. According to recent systematic reviews,23–25 high-intensity interval training is more effective on improving cardiometabolic risk and aerobic capacity than other forms of exercise in various populations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exergaming can be an innovative way of enjoyable high-intensity interval training

Moholdt

Weie

Chorianopoulos

et al. 2017

BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med

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ObjectivesExergames can replace sedentary time spent on computer gaming with physical activity. Previous research has found exergaming to elicit light-to-moderate exercise intensity. Our primary aim was to examine the exercise intensity of a newly developed biking exergame.MethodsEight males (23.9±0.6 years) played the exergame (PLAY) and walked (WALK) on three separate occasions, with the condition counterbalanced and in random sequence within each day. They were asked to PLAY and WALK for a minimum of 15 min and then continue for as long as they wanted. We measured heart rate (HR), activity duration, caloric expenditure and subject-rated exertion and enjoyment (based on 0–10 Visual Analogue Scale, VAS). We used an average of each outcome variable across the 3 days in the analysis.ResultsThe average intensity during PLAY (73%±10% of HRmax) was significantly higher than that during WALK (57%±7% of HRmax, p=0.01). Participants spent 12.5±5.3 min at 80%–89% of HRmax and 5.5±4.6 min at ≥90% of HRmax during PLAY, whereas intensity during WALK was ≤72% of HRmax. The duration of PLAY was 44.3±0.7 min and of WALK 17.0±0.7 min (p=0.01). The relative energy expenditure during PLAY was 7.6±0.7 kcal/min and during WALK 6.2±0.3 kcal/min (p<0.01). The enjoyment of PLAY (VAS 8.7±0.1) was higher than that of WALK (VAS 3.9±1.8, p=0.01).ConclusionsExergaming can be an innovative way of enjoyable high-intensity training.

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“…Physical activity (PA) and fitness are related to many beneficial health outcomes . Cardiorespiratory fitness, in particular, has been shown to be a strong predictor of health . Therefore, from the public health perspective, it is important to monitor and collect data on fitness variables in nationally representative study samples in different age groups.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiorespiratory and muscular fitness in young adult Finnish men between 2003 and 2015

Vaara

Santtila

Vasankari

et al. 2020

Scandinavian Med Sci Sports

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Introduction Physical fitness is strongly related to health and may offer valuable information about public health. We investigated trends in physical fitness, leisure‐time physical activity (LTPA), and anthropometry of young healthy adult Finnish men in representative population‐based samples between 2003 and 2015. Methods Three independent cross‐sectional samples of 18‐ to 35‐year‐old Finnish men were assessed in 2003 (n = 889), 2008 (n = 803), and 2015 (n = 690). Cardiorespiratory (VO2max) and muscular fitness (1‐minute sit‐ups and push‐ups), body mass, and height were measured. Self‐reported LTPA was assessed. Results After adjusting for age, education, and smoking, cardiorespiratory fitness was higher in 2003 (mean: 43.5, 95%CI: 42.9‐44.1 mL/kg/min) compared to 2008 (41.3, 95%CI: 40.7‐41.9 mL/kg/min) and 2015 (40.6, 95%CI: 40.0‐41.2 mL/kg/min) (P < .001), whereas no difference was observed between 2008 and 2015. The lowest values in muscular fitness were observed in 2003, while no clear trends were further noticed. The adjusted BMI was higher in 2008 (25.1, 95%CI: 24.9‐25.4) and 2015 (25.3, 95%CI: 25.3, 95%CI: 25.0‐25.6) compared to 2003 (24.5, 95%CI: 24.3‐24.8) (P < .005). In 2015, a higher proportion of individuals exercised at least four times per week compared to 2003 and 2008 (P < .05). Conclusion The decrease in cardiorespiratory fitness that took place between 2003 and 2008 plateaued after 2008. The plateau is in accordance with the previously observed trend of 5‐10 years younger Finnish men. Moreover, muscular fitness was for the most part higher in 2008 and 2015 compared to 2003. Efforts directed to promote regular physical activity and improve physical fitness are needed.

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Long-term Change in Cardiorespiratory Fitness and All-Cause Mortality

Cited by 166 publications

References 19 publications

Improvement of non‐invasive markers of NAFLD from an individualised, web‐based exercise program

Improvement of non‐invasive markers of NAFLD from an individualised, web‐based exercise program

Exergaming can be an innovative way of enjoyable high-intensity interval training

Cardiorespiratory and muscular fitness in young adult Finnish men between 2003 and 2015

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