Long-Term Changes in Axial Length in Adult Eyes with Pathologic Myopia

Saka, Natsuko; Ohno‐Matsui, Kyoko; Shimada, Noriaki; Sueyoshi, Shin-Ichi; Nagaoka, Natsuko; Hayashi, Wakako; Hayashi, Kengo; Moriyama, Muka; Kojima, Ariko; Yasuzumi, Kenjiro; Yoshida, Takeshi; Tokoro, Takashi; Mochizuki, Manabu

doi:10.1016/j.ajo.2010.05.009

Cited by 142 publications

(92 citation statements)

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“…In the present study, the majority of the patients (75%) requested mild postoperative myopia. However, axial length may continue to increase with age in patients with high myopia, resulting in greater degrees of myopia with increasing age (11) . Therefore, postoperative targeting of emmetropia may be more appropriate, particularly in younger cases.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Presence of posterior staphyloma may cause errors in the measurement of the axial length. Older individuals with posterior staphyloma are more susceptible to larger increases in the axial length, with studies suggesting that B-scan ultrasonography should be performed in these patients to avoid errors in axial length measurement (6,11) . The increase in the hyperopic refractive error with the axial length results from the use of positive power IOL constants for both positive and negative power IOLs; therefore, optimization of IOL constants improves the accuracy of IOL power calculations (6,12,13) .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Phacoemulsificatıon in eyes with cataract and high myopia

Çetinkaya

Acır²,

Cetinkaya³

et al. 2015

Arquivos Brasileiros De Oftalmologia

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High myopia is a common condition worldwide, defined as an axial length of ≥26.0 mm. The frequency of vitreous and retinal degenerations, such as liquefied vitreous, posterior vitreous detachment, lattice degeneration, retinal holes, and retinal tears, is higher in patients with high myopia than in the general population (1) . The World Health Organization estimated there were 161 million visually impaired people worldwide in 2002, with cataract accounting for 47.8% of cases and the incidence of cataract increasing with age. In developing countries, cataracts occur earlier in life and the incidence is higher (2) . Highly myopic eyes tend to develop cataracts earlier than normal ABSTRACT Purpose: To evaluate the outcomes and complications following phacoemulsification surgery in eyes with cataract and high myopia. Methods: We retrospectively evaluated the data of 43 eyes of 28 consecutive patients (12 males, 16 females) with cataract and high myopia who had undergone phacoemulsification and intraocular lens (IOL) implantation. The mean [± standard deviation (range)] age of the patients was 59.20 ± 11.08 (39-77) years. Results: The frequency of nuclear cataract was significantly higher than that of other cataract types (P=0.003). The mean axial length was 28.97 ± 1.99 (26-33) mm and the mean IOL power was 5.09 ± 4.78 (-3.0 to +14.0) diopters (D). The mean preoperative spherical equivalent (SE) was -16.48 ± 5.23 (-8.00 to -25.00) D and the mean postoperative SE was -1.46 ± 0.93 (0.00 to -3.00) D (P=0.00). The mean preoperative best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 0.91 ± 0.37 (0.30 to -1.50) logMAR and the mean postoperative BCVA was 0.29 ± 0.25 (0.00-1.00) logMAR (P=0.00). Twenty-two eyes (51.2%) achieved the target postoperative refraction (±1.0 D). The eyes were divided into 3 groups according to the axial length. The mean biometric error was significantly higher in the group with the greatest axial length than in the other groups (P=0.007). Preoperative argon laser photocoagulation was performed in 7 eyes (16%) on account of retinal tears, retinal holes, or lattice degeneration. Postoperatively, retinal tears developed in 2 eyes (4%) and were treated with photocoagulation. One eye (2%) developed retinal detachment postoperatively, with the patient consequently referred for retinal surgery. Postoperatively, posterior capsule opacities developed in 11 eyes (25%), with all cases treated by laser capsulotomy. Conclusions: Good postoperative outcomes following phacoemulsification surgery were observed in patients with cataract and high myopia. However, clinicians should be aware of the risk of postoperative retinal tears and rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. Preoperative prophylactic argon laser photocoagulation treatment should be considered where necessary.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phacoemulsificatıon in eyes with cataract and high myopia

Çetinkaya

Acır²,

Cetinkaya³

et al. 2015

Arquivos Brasileiros De Oftalmologia

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“…11 Furthermore, MMD has been shown to be a progressive disease over time and with aging, leading to significant visual loss. 7,12 Thus, it is important to understand the risk factors and pathogenesis of MMD to allow the development of possible preventative and therapeutic strategies. 5 However, the exact mechanisms that lead to the development of the macular and retinal changes in MMD are currently unknown.…”

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confidence: 99%

Is Choroidal or Scleral Thickness Related to Myopic Macular Degeneration?

Wong

Phua

Lee

et al. 2017

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

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Citation: Wong CW, Phua V, Lee SY, Wong TY, Cheung CMG. Is choroidal or scleral thickness related to myopic macular degeneration? Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2017;58:907-913. DOI:10.1167/iovs.16-20742 PURPOSE. The relative contribution of mechanical and vascular factors to the pathogenesis of myopic macular degeneration (MMD) is unclear. To address this gap, we examined the association of choroidal thickness (CT) and scleral thickness (ST) with MMD.METHODS. Prospective, clinic-based case series of 62 eyes of 41 patients with high myopia ( À6 diopters or axial length ‡26.5 mm). Swept-source optical coherence tomography (SSOCT) was performed to measure subfoveal CT and ST. Myopic macular degeneration was graded from fundus photographs according to the International Meta-Analysis for Pathologic Myopia (META-PM) classification. Presence of MMD was defined as META-PM category ‡ 2 and severe MMD was defined as category ‡ 3.RESULTS. The distribution of MMD severity was 15 (24.2%) in category 1, 28 (45.2%) in category 2, 10 (16.1%) in category 3, and 9 (14.5%) in category 4. Correlation of MMD severity was strong for subfoveal CT (r ¼ À0.70, P < 0.001) but weak for subfoveal ST (r ¼ À0.31, P ¼ 0.01). Subfoveal CT, but not ST, was independently associated with presence of MMD (age and gender adjusted odds ratio [OR] per 10 lm decrease in CT 1.41, P ¼ 0.002), and subfoveal CT, but not subfoveal ST, was significantly thinner in eyes with severe MMD ( ‡ category 3) than in eyes with mild MMD (CT: 31.5 6 40.5 lm versus 82.0 6 57.1 lm, P < 0.001; ST: 261.6 6 78.5 lm versus 297.0 6 73.8 lm, P ¼ 0.09). CONCLUSIONS.We demonstrated significant thinning of the choroid with increasing MMD severity. In contrast, ST was weakly correlated with MMD. These data suggest progressive loss of choroid may be important in the pathogenesis of MMD.

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“…This study relates to our earlier study which examined the long-term change of axial length in eyes with pathologic myopia by using A-mode echography [2]. In that study, older individuals with posterior staphyloma were more susceptible to having a larger increase in the axial length, and we considered that a progression of posterior staphyloma with increasing age should be regarded as a key factor for the continuous increase of axial length in adults with high myopia [2]. As you suggested, peripheral hyperopia has been considered to be a cause of myopia progression.…”

Section: Dear Editormentioning

confidence: 79%

Long-Term Changes in Axial Length in Adult Eyes with Pathologic Myopia

Cited by 142 publications

References 10 publications

Phacoemulsificatıon in eyes with cataract and high myopia

Phacoemulsificatıon in eyes with cataract and high myopia

Is Choroidal or Scleral Thickness Related to Myopic Macular Degeneration?

Complicated mechanism for axial elongation in eyes with pathologic myopia accompanying scleral thinning and deformity

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