Long-term changes in open field behaviour following a single social defeat in rats can be reversed by sleep deprivation

Meerlo, Peter; Overkamp, Gerard; Benning, Mayah; Koolhaas, Jaap M.; Hoofdakker, R.H. van den

doi:10.1016/0031-9384(95)02271-6

Cited by 144 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Consistent with this hypothesis, various behavioral models also have shown that REM sleep deprivation in rats is associated with behaviors that can be interpreted as increased activity, such as increased exploratory behavior in the open field test, increased swim in the forced-swim test (Hawkins et al, 1980;van Luijtelaar and Coenen, 1985), increased sexual behavior in male rats (Velazquez-Moctezuma et al, 1996), and increased preference for novelty in the y-maze (Moore et al, 1979). Total sleep deprivation also induces increased exploratory behavior in the open field test (Meerlo et al, 1996). It is reasonable to assume that immobility in the forced-swim test might be due to inhibition of activity and that sleep deprivation blocks this inhibition, resulting in an increase in activity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

“…In one study, rats were sleep deprived by placing them in a slowly rotating cylinder, an intervention that reversed the effects of social defeat on open field behavior (Meerlo et al, 1996). However, this particular method of total sleep deprivation lacks a control for the physical effect and the stress induced by the movement of the cylinder.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Total Sleep Deprivation Decreases Immobility In The Forced-Swim Test

Rodríguez

Kim

Poland

2004

Neuropsychopharmacol

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Sleep deprivation can exert antidepressant effects in humans in less than 24 h, making it the fastest acting antidepressant treatment. However, it is rarely used clinically because the effect disappears once the subject goes back to sleep. An understanding of the neurobiological mechanisms underlying the antidepressant effect of sleep deprivation should help to develop new rapidly acting antidepressant strategies. In the present report, an animal model of depression (the forced-swim test) was used to determine whether the effects of total sleep deprivation parallel those obtained with antidepressant drugs. Using the disk-over-water method, rats deprived of sleep for 24 h exhibited increased swimming behavior when compared to cage control rats, mimicking the effects of serotonergic antidepressants. After 48 h, sleep-deprived rats exhibited increased swimming when compared to both cage control and stimulus control rats, demonstrating that the effect is due to sleep deprivation per se, and not to extraneous factors inherent in the sleep deprivation protocol (such as stress and movement). We believe that this paradigm can be used to study the neurobiological mechanisms of rapid antidepressant effects induced by sleep deprivation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Total Sleep Deprivation Decreases Immobility In The Forced-Swim Test

Rodríguez

Kim

Poland

2004

Neuropsychopharmacol

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“…The flight effect in crickets may also have parallels with analogous phenomena in mammals. In rodents, social defeat leads to physiological and behavioral changes seen in depressive humans (Meerlo et al, 1996a), which can be reversed by the influence of physical activity or sleep deprivation on aminergic neurotransmission (Meerlo et al, 1996b;Prevot et al, 1996;Mallick et al, 2000;Salmon, 2001;Greenwood et al, 2003).…”

Section: Comparative Aspects Of the Neurochemical Control Of Aggressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Octopamine and Experience-Dependent Modulation of Aggression in Crickets

Stevenson¹,

Dyakonova²,

Rillich³

et al. 2005

J. Neurosci.

217

216

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Intraspecific aggression is influenced in numerous animal groups by the previous behavioral experiences of the competitors. The underlying mechanisms are, however, mostly obscure. We present evidence that a form of experience-dependent plasticity of aggression in crickets is mediated by octopamine, the invertebrate counterpart of noradrenaline. In a forced-fight paradigm, the experience of flying maximized the aggressiveness of crickets at their first encounter and accelerated the subsequent recovery of aggressiveness of the normally submissive losers, without enhancing general excitability as evaluated from the animals' startle responses to wind stimulation. This effect is transitory and concurrent with the activation of the octopaminergic system that accompanies flight. Hemocoel injections of the octopamine agonist chlordimeform (CDM) had similar effects on aggression but also enhanced startle responses. Serotonin depletion, achieved using ␣-methyl-tryptophan, enhanced startle responses without influencing aggression, indicating that the effect of CDM on aggression is not attributable to increased general excitation. Contrasting this, aggressiveness was depressed, and the effect of flying was essentially abolished, in crickets depleted of octopamine and dopamine using ␣-methyl-p-tyrosine (AMT). CDM restored aggressiveness in AMT-treated crickets, indicating that their depressed aggressiveness is attributable to octopamine depletion rather than to dopamine depletion or nonspecific defects. Finally, the flight effect was blocked in crickets treated with the octopamine receptor antagonist epinastine, or with the ␣-adrenoceptor and octopamine receptor antagonist phentolamine, but not with the ␤-adrenoceptor antagonist propranolol. The idea that activity-specific induction of the octopaminergic system underlies other forms of experiencedependent plasticity of aggressive motivation in insects is discussed.

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“…Male 63 rats exposed to social defeat become more inactive and less exploratory in novel 64 environments than non-defeated controls (Meerlo et al, 1996a;Meerlo et al, 1996b), while 65 buffalo cows housed in restrictive, high stocking density conditions spend more time in 66 when considered in its specific forms together with contextual information, to help infer 92 animals" affective states. This would be valuable in a wide range of studies, such as those 93 assessing the impact of housing, management, and other procedures on affective states, and to 94 provide practical recommendations for eliciting positive affective states in domestic and 95 captive animals.…”

Section: Et Al 2005; Levitis Et Al 2009) 55mentioning

confidence: 99%

What can inactivity (in its various forms) reveal about affective states in non-human animals? A review

Fureix

Meagher

2015

Applied Animal Behaviour Science

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Captive / domestic animals are often described as inactive, with the implicit or explicit implication that this high level of inactivity is a welfare problem. Conversely, not being inactive enough may also indicate or cause poor welfare. In humans, too much inactivity can certainly be associated with either negative or positive affective states. In non-human animals, however, the affective states associated with elevated or suppressed levels of inactivity are still not well understood. Part of the complexity is due to the fact that there are many different forms of inactivity, each likely associated with very different affective states. This paper has two aims. One is to identify specific forms of inactivity that can be used as indicators of specific affective states in animals. The other is to identify issues that need to be resolved before we could validly use the remaining, not yet validated forms of inactivity as indicators of affective state. We briefly discuss how inactivity is defined and assessed in the literature, and then how inactivity in its various forms relates to affective (either negative or positive) states in animals, basing our reasoning on linguistic reports of affective states collected from humans displaying inactivity phenotypically similar to that displayed by animals in similar situations, and, when possible, on pharmacological validation. Specific forms of inactivity expressed in response to perceived threats (freezing, tonic immobility, and hiding) appear to be, to date, the best-validated indicators of specific affective states in animals. We also identify a number of specific forms of inactivity likely to reflect either negative (associated with ill-heath, boredom-like, and depression-like conditions), or positive states (e.g. 'sunbasking', post-consummatory inactivity), although further research is warranted before we could use those forms as indicators of the affective states. We further discuss the relationship between increased inactivity and affective states by presenting misleading situations likely to yield wrong conclusions. We conclude that more attention should be paid to inactivity in animal welfare studies: specific forms of inactivity identified in this paper are, or have the potential to be, useful indicators of affective (welfare) states in animals. Other specific forms are likely to be linked with either negative or positive states. What can inactivity (in its variousWe propose further research directions to further validate those forms of inactivity. Captive / domestic animals are often described as inactive, with the implicit or explicit 16 implication that this high level of inactivity is a welfare problem. Conversely, not being 17 inactive enough may also indicate or cause poor welfare. In humans, too much inactivity can 18 certainly be associated with either negative or positive affective states. In non-human 19 animals, however, the affective states associated with elevated or suppressed levels of 20 inactivity are still not well understood. 21Part of ...

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Long-term changes in open field behaviour following a single social defeat in rats can be reversed by sleep deprivation

Cited by 144 publications

References 29 publications

Total Sleep Deprivation Decreases Immobility In The Forced-Swim Test

Total Sleep Deprivation Decreases Immobility In The Forced-Swim Test

Octopamine and Experience-Dependent Modulation of Aggression in Crickets

What can inactivity (in its various forms) reveal about affective states in non-human animals? A review

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