Long-term Concentrations of Nitrogen Dioxide and Mortality

Atkinson, Richard; Butland, B. K.; Anderson, Hugh; Maynard, Robert

doi:10.1097/ede.0000000000000847

Cited by 203 publications

(125 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…The elevated cardiovascular risk due to NO 2 might represent an indirect link between NO 2 and the risk of Bell's palsy. NO 2 is known to be associated with the risk of cardiovascular diseases, such as stroke and myocardial infarction, and cardiovascular mortality 22,23 . A meta-analysis study reported that there was increased cardiovascular mortality following long-term NO 2 exposure (hazard ratio = 1.03, 95% CI = 1.02-1.05) 23 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Air pollution by NO2 is associated with the risk of Bell’s palsy: A nested case-controlled study

Kim

Min

Choi

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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this study investigated the relationship of weather and air pollution with the onset of Bell's palsy. the Korean Health insurance Review and Assessment Service-national Sample cohort (HiRA-nSc) data from 2002 through 2013 were used. The 3,935 Bell's palsy patients were matched with 15,740 control participants. the meteorological data, including daily mean temperature (°c), daily mean highest temperature (°C), daily mean lowest temperature (°C), daily mean temperature difference (°C), relative humidity (%), spot atmospheric pressure (hpa), sulfur dioxide (So 2) (ppm), nitrogen dioxide (no 2) (ppm), ozone (o 3) (ppm), carbon monoxide (co) (ppm), and pM 10 (particulate matter ≤ 10 μg/m 3) for 60 days, 30 days, 14 days, 7 days, and 3 days prior to the index date were analyzed for Bell's palsy cases and controls. conditional logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the odds ratios (oRs) of the association between the meteorological data and Bell's palsy. the mean no 2 and pM 10 concentrations for 60 days were higher, while that of O 3 was lower in the Bell's palsy group than in the control group (both p < 0.001). The Bell's palsy group showed 16.63-fold higher odds of NO 2 for 60 days (0.1 ppm) than the control group (95% CI = 10.18-27.16, P < 0.001). The ORs of PM 10 , and o 3 for 60 days showed inconsistent results according to the included variables. Bell's palsy was related to high concentrations of no 2 .

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Air pollution by NO2 is associated with the risk of Bell’s palsy: A nested case-controlled study

Kim

Min

Choi

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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“…Surveying several meta-analyses [28,51] yielded no additional studies providing suitable effect estimates corresponding to long-term exposure specifically for BC and the CHD endpoint. More information was available from a similar survey of NO 2 studies [27]. The mean hazard ratio of 15 studies examining cardiovascular mortality and NO 2 collected in the meta-analyses by Atkinson et al [27] was 1.03 / 10 μg/m 3 and fell within a 95% confidence interval of 1.02 and 1.05.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…More information was available from a similar survey of NO 2 studies [27]. The mean hazard ratio of 15 studies examining cardiovascular mortality and NO 2 collected in the meta-analyses by Atkinson et al [27] was 1.03 / 10 μg/m 3 and fell within a 95% confidence interval of 1.02 and 1.05. Applying these lower and upper bounds for NO 2 -dependent CHD mortality to our risk model predicts a range of from 25 to 63 excess deaths per year compared to our single calculation of 46 deaths based on the single effect estimate of Gan et al [20].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Primary PM sources in Allegheny County again include traffic-related particulates primarily from diesel exhaust, but also significant contributions from industrial point sources especially related to coke processing, steel manufacture, metal fabrication, as well as, residential wood burning [14]. Both pollutants are associated with adverse cardiovascular events and we chose increased mortality and hospitalization from coronary heart disease as a specific health endpoint of interest [20,27,28]. By coupling spatial exposure and health effect estimates with demographic US census data we calculate the hypothetical excess CHD burden arising from NO 2 and BC exposure and show that EJ sensitive areas are were more numerous in areas of higher exposure and bear a disproportionate amount of risk of CHD from air pollution compared to non-EJ areas.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A risk-based model to assess environmental justice and coronary heart disease burden from traffic-related air pollutants

et al. 2020

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Background: Communities need to efficiently estimate the burden from specific pollutants and identify those most at risk to make timely informed policy decisions. We developed a risk-based model to estimate the burden of black carbon (BC) and nitrogen dioxide (NO 2) on coronary heart disease (CHD) across environmental justice (EJ) and non-EJ populations in Allegheny County, PA. Methods: Exposure estimates in census tracts were modeled via land use regression and analyzed in relation to US Census data. Tracts were ranked into quartiles of exposure (Q1-Q4). A risk-based model for estimating the CHD burden attributed to BC and NO 2 was developed using county health statistics, census tract level exposure estimates, and quantitative effect estimates available in the literature. Results: For both pollutants, the relative occurrence of EJ tracts (> 20% poverty and/or > 30% non-white minority) in Q2-Q4 compared to Q1 progressively increased and reached a maximum in Q4. EJ tracts were 4 to 25 times more likely to be in the highest quartile of exposure compared to the lowest quartile for BC and NO 2 , respectively. Pollutantspecific risk values (mean [95% CI]) for CHD mortality were higher in EJ tracts (5.49 × 10 − 5 [5.05 × 10 − 5-5.92 × 10 − 5 ]; 5.72 × 10 − 5 [5.44 × 10 − 5-6.01 × 10 − 5 ] for BC and NO 2 , respectively) compared to non-EJ tracts (3.94 × 10 − 5 [3.66 × 10 − 5-4.23 × 10 − 5 ]; 3.49 × 10 − 5 [3.27 × 10 − 5-3.70 × 10 − 5 ] for BC and NO 2 , respectively). While EJ tracts represented 28% of the county population, they accounted for about 40% of the CHD mortality attributed to each pollutant. EJ tracts are disproportionately skewed toward areas of high exposure and EJ residents bear a greater risk for air pollution-related disease compared to other county residents. Conclusions: We have combined a risk-based model with spatially resolved long-term exposure estimates to predict CHD burden from air pollution at the census tract level. It provides quantitative estimates of effects that can be used to assess possible health disparities, track temporal changes, and inform timely local community policy decisions. Such an approach can be further expanded to include other pollutants and adverse health endpoints.

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“…It was found that increases in NO2 concentrations (per 10 μg/m 3 , annual means) are associated with increases in all-cause mortality with RR of 1.055 (95% CI: 1.031-1.080) [51]. 1.02-1.08]) [54]. As mentioned earlier that in our study every 1 out of 3 participants (kids with escorting parent) have alternative routes available with reduced NO2 annual concentrations of around 10 μg/m 3 .…”

Section: Travel Routes and Their Exposure Levelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A route to school informational intervention for air pollution exposure reduction

Ahmed

Adnan

Janssens

et al. 2020

Sustainable Cities and Society

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Walking and cycling are promoted to encourage sustainable travel behavior among children and adults. School children during their travel episode to-and-from school are disproportionately exposed to air pollution due to multiple reasons such as proximity to high traffic roads and peak volumes. Regular use of less polluted routes to and from school can bring significant health benefits for school children. This paper presents a route to school informational intervention that was developed incorporating approaches and methods suggested in the literature for effective behavioral interventions. The intervention was implemented using escorting parents/guardians (N=104) of school children of Antwerp, Belgium to adopt school routes with least exposure to pollutants. Collected data and its analysis revealed that 60% participants (N= 62) could benefit themselves by adopting the suggested cleanest routes to school, of whom a significant proportion of participants (i.e. 34%, N= 35) have a difference of average NO2 concentration between the alternative and current route of around 10µg/m 3 . This information about alternatives routes with their potential benefits was presented to each participant via defined study protocols. Based on the feedback of participants that could potentially adopt suggested alternatives, 77% (N=48) have switched their routes. These results indicated that intervention was effective, and it can bring higher benefits when implemented on a wider scale.

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Long-term Concentrations of Nitrogen Dioxide and Mortality

Abstract: Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text.

Cited by 203 publications

References 70 publications

Air pollution by NO2 is associated with the risk of Bell’s palsy: A nested case-controlled study

Air pollution by NO2 is associated with the risk of Bell’s palsy: A nested case-controlled study

A risk-based model to assess environmental justice and coronary heart disease burden from traffic-related air pollutants

A route to school informational intervention for air pollution exposure reduction

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