Long‐term consistency in spatial patterns of primate seed dispersal

Heymann, Eckhard W.; Culot, Laurence; Knogge, Christoph; Piña, Tony Enrique Noriega; Herrera, Emérita R. Tirado; Klapproth, Matthias; Zinner, Dietmar

doi:10.1002/ece3.2756

Cited by 18 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Our study provides evidence that vector behaviour impacts SGS via shaping seed dispersal patterns (Stiles, ). These patterns can be highly consistent over time (Heymann et al., ), increasing the probability of an effect of seed dispersal on SGS. Anthropogenic disturbances that might modify vector behaviour are thus likely to influence seed dispersal patterns and in turn SGS (Jones, Duke‐Sylvester, Leberg, & Johnson, ; McConkey & O'Farrill, ).…”

Section: Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 91%

Effects of zoochory on the spatial genetic structure of plant populations

2017

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Additionally, we found SGS was also affected by pollination and marker type used.Our study highlights the importance of vector behaviour on SGS even in the presence of variance created by other factors. Thus, more detailed information on the behaviour of seed dispersers would contribute to better understand which factors shape the spatial scale of gene flow in animal-dispersed plant species. K E Y W O R D Sanimal behaviour, fine-scale spatial genetic structure, plant-animal interactions, seed dispersal, seed dispersal distance, Sp statistic

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Section: Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 91%

Effects of zoochory on the spatial genetic structure of plant populations

2017

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“…Most other mammals, however, including many primates and bats, provide much more modest maximum dispersal distances of only a few kilometers (reviewed in Fleming 1988; Fleming and Kress 2013). Nonetheless, even these dispersal distances are sufficient to maintain tropical plant populations and to provide the occasional colonization of new or recently disturbed habitats (e.g., Muscarella and Fleming 2007;Heymann et al 2017).…”

Section: Mammal-plant Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The functional roles of mammals in ecosystems

Lacher

Davidson

Fleming

et al. 2019

Journal of Mammalogy

174

111

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The diverse functional roles of over 6,000 species of extant mammals that range in body size across eight orders of magnitude, from blue whales (Balaenoptera musculus) to tiny Etruscan shrews (Suncus etruscus), contribute to shaping Earth's ecosystems. Large mammalian herbivores (e.g., African elephants [Loxodonta africana], American bison [Bison bison], hippopotamuses [Hippopotamus amphibius]) and carnivores (e.g., wolves [Canis lupus], pumas [Puma concolor], sea otters [Enhydra lutris]) often have significant effects on primary producers in terrestrial, aquatic, and marine systems through nutrient cycling, energy flow, and the exertion of bottom-up and top-down processes. Small mammals, like bats, are important pollinators, dispersers of fruits, and consumers of arthropods, and others, especially rodents and primates, are important predators and dispersers of seeds. Many of these mammal-mediated processes occur simultaneously in the same ecosystem, and have significant effects on community structure of primary producers that in turn alter communities of other vertebrates and invertebrates. Many mammals also are ecosystem engineers (e.g., elephants, American beavers [Castor canadensis], porcupines [Erithezon dorsatum], prairie dogs [Cynomys spp.]) that create, significantly modify, or destroy habitat, and by doing so, they alter ecosystem structure and function and increase habitat heterogeneity and biodiversity. The extensive influence mammals have on ecosystems results in important services that contribute to human wellbeing, such as pollination, insect pest control, and bioturbation of soils. The rapid declines in abundance of many mammal populations and the associated increase in extinction risk raise conservation concerns for mammals. To maintain mammalian diversity and the critical ecosystem processes they provide, scientists need to mobilize concern for their status and strive for more effective and comprehensive conservation action. We provide insights and synthesis on the ecological role of mammals and highlight key research questions and future directions for their conservation.

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“…In wild apes, non-invasive genotyping methods from feces have been invaluable in determining long term variation in social group dynamics, estimating population abundance, and performing individual tracking [3–7]. Other applications of feces-based, noninvasive genetic methods in wild non-human primates include inferences on evolutionary history [8], seed dispersal patterns [9], and assessment of diet [10–12]; all facilitated by advances in high throughput genomic methods [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mapping gastrointestinal gene expression patterns in wild primates and humans via fecal RNA-seq

et al. 2019

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Background Limited accessibility to intestinal epithelial tissue in wild animals and humans makes it challenging to study patterns of intestinal gene regulation, and hence to monitor physiological status and health in field conditions. To explore solutions to this limitation, we have used a noninvasive approach via fecal RNA-seq, for the quantification of gene expression markers in gastrointestinal cells of free-range primates and a forager human population. Thus, a combination of poly(A) mRNA enrichment and rRNA depletion methods was used in tandem with RNA-seq to quantify and compare gastrointestinal gene expression patterns in fecal samples of wild Gorilla gorilla gorilla ( n = 9) and BaAka hunter-gatherers ( n = 10) from The Dzanga Sangha Protected Areas, Central African Republic. Results Although only a small fraction (< 4.9%) of intestinal mRNA signals was recovered, the data was sufficient to detect significant functional differences between gorillas and humans, at the gene and pathway levels. These intestinal gene expression differences were specifically associated with metabolic and immune functions. Additionally, non-host RNA-seq reads were used to gain preliminary insights on the subjects’ dietary habits, intestinal microbiomes, and infection prevalence, via identification of fungi, nematode, arthropod and plant RNA. Conclusions Overall, the results suggest that fecal RNA-seq, targeting gastrointestinal epithelial cells can be used to evaluate primate intestinal physiology and gut gene regulation, in samples obtained in challenging conditions in situ. The approach used herein may be useful to obtain information on primate intestinal health, while revealing preliminary insights into foraging ecology, microbiome, and diet. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-019-5813-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Long‐term consistency in spatial patterns of primate seed dispersal

Cited by 18 publications

References 46 publications

Effects of zoochory on the spatial genetic structure of plant populations

Effects of zoochory on the spatial genetic structure of plant populations

The functional roles of mammals in ecosystems

Mapping gastrointestinal gene expression patterns in wild primates and humans via fecal RNA-seq

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