Long-term contraception with the levonorgestrel 20 mcg/day (LNg 20) and the Copper T 380Ag intrauterine devices: A five-year randomized study

Partial and complete expulsion of the Multiload 375 IUD and the levonorgestrel-releasing IUD after correct insertion

“…Third generation copper intrauterine devices (IUDs) and the levonorgestrel-releasing device (LNG-IUD) are very safe contraceptive methods with a low failure rate [1]. The prevalence of IUD use differs greatly between regions and countries.…”

“…In 1997 a new type of IUD the levonorgestrel-releasing device was introduced in Switzerland. The clinical observation of a very low dislocation rate in users of this IUD was the reason for us to perform a study to evaluate the dislocation rate of LNG-IUD in comparison with the third generation copper IUD Multiload 375 (ML 375 reporting the rate of complete expulsions [1,9], our aim was to evaluate the rate of partial and complete expulsions, because both can cause unplanned pregnancies. That is why only women with documented ultrasound assessment of the IUD position were included.…”

Long-acting reversible contraception in adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis

“…RCT can lead to an increased discontinuation because the methods are assigned randomly. 33,34 Another systematic review was performed by Usinger et al 32 included RCTs as well as observational studies of women under age 25 who received any type of IUD. They excluded studies that did not compare IUDs to other methods.…”

Malposition and displacement of intrauterine devices–diagnosis, management and prevention

“…The 5-year continuation rate can be as low as 40% [26]. For the LNG-IUS (Mirena), removal rates for medical reasons of 35-40% at 5 years have been reported which included malposition and displacement of the LNG-IUS [27,28]. In the CHOICE study, continuation rates at 5 year were 51.7% for the LNG-IUS and 55.9% for the TCu380 IUD, respectively [29].…”