Long term corrosion resistance of alumina forming austenitic stainless steels in liquid lead

Ejenstam, Jesper; Szakálos, Peter

doi:10.1016/j.jnucmat.2015.03.011

Cited by 77 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…AFA steels were also exposed to molten lead with 10 -7 wt.% oxygen at 550°C for up to one year. It was found that a thin Al2O3 layer protected the AFA steel with lower Ni content (14 wt.%) while AFA steel containing 20 wt.% Ni displayed localized dissolution attacks [95]. However, the former alloy (Fe-14.4Cr-13.9Ni-2.49Al-MnMoNbSi), while revealing excellent corrosion resistance, showed a phase transformation from austenite to ferrite in around 17% of the volume.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Corrosion resistance and microstructural stability of austenitic Fe–Cr–Al–Ni model alloys exposed to oxygen-containing molten lead

Shi

Jianu

Weisenburger

et al. 2019

Journal of Nuclear Materials

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The goal of the study was to determine the critical concentrations of Al, Cr and Ni, at which the quaternary Fe-Cr-Al-Ni model alloys, exposed to oxygen-containing molten Pb up to 600°C, are corrosion resistant, while preserving the austenite structure of the alloy matrix. Twelve alloys were designed to meet the above mentioned requirements; six of them showed corrosion resistance and preserved the austenite phase in the alloy bulk, during the exposure at 550°C and 600°C for 1000 hours to molten Pb containing 10-6 wt.% oxygen. Based on experimental results a general formula was substantiated as follows: Fe-(20-29)Ni-(15.2-16.5)Cr-(2.3-4.3)Al (wt.%). In case of temperatures below 550°C, the critical Cr content was 14.4 wt.%. Two corundum-type crystalline structures were identified as the constituent phases of the passivating scales, one being Cr2O3 and the other Al2O3-Cr2O3 solid solution. The average amount of Cr2O3 in the Al2O3-Cr2O3 solid solution, found in the passivating scales of the Fe-Cr-Al-Ni model alloys, was estimated at ≈ 40 wt.% at 550°C and ≈ 35 wt.% at 600°C. A transitional layer, consisting of Fe-and Ni-enriched austenitic matrix and exhibiting randomly distributed intermetallic B2-(Ni,Fe)Al, was formed below the oxide scale up to a depth of two microns. The austenite, as matrix, and Ni3(Al,Fe) as precipitates are the microstructural phases of the bulk alloys after exposure for 1000h at 600°C to oxygen-containing molten Pb.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Corrosion resistance and microstructural stability of austenitic Fe–Cr–Al–Ni model alloys exposed to oxygen-containing molten lead

Shi

Jianu

Weisenburger

et al. 2019

Journal of Nuclear Materials

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“…A number of research works have demonstrated the excellent corrosion resistance of AFA steels in high temperature dry air, steam and super critical water. Preliminary works also show promising corrosion resistance of AFA steels in oxygen controlled liquid lead based alloy [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Investigation of microstructure and liquid lead corrosion behavior of a Fe-18Ni-16Cr-4Al base alumina-forming austenitic stainless steel

Chen

Wang

Tsisar

et al. 2020

Mater. Res. Express

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The microstructure of an alumina-forming austenitic stainless steel with a composition design of Fe-18Ni-16Cr-4Al-2Mo-0.4 Nb (in wt%) is characterized. The steel contains about 75 vol% austenitic phase and 25 vol% ferritic phase. B2-NiAl precipitates with round shape can be found only in the ferritic phase in the as-rolled sample. The corrosion behavior in static liquid lead with different oxygen content of 10 −9 and 10 −6% by mass at 700°C for 1000 h is investigated. After exposure for 1000 h in liquid lead with oxygen content of 10 −9% , obvious lead penetration combined with nickel dissolution is found. In the case of liquid lead with 10 −6 % oxygen content, a thin oxide layer can be formed on the surface, thus protecting the steel from liquid lead attack. After the corrosion test, significant precipitations are found in both austenitic and ferritic phases in the matrix of the steel.

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“…Liquid lead, at temperatures above 550 °C, is a severely corrosive medium, especially for chromia (Cr 2 O 3 )-forming austenitic steels [14,15]. The corrosion mechanism here is mainly liquid metal dissolution.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The corrosion mechanism here is mainly liquid metal dissolution. Alumina (Al 2 O 3 )-forming ferritic Fe-Cr-Al-based alloys (FeCrAl) are well known for their superior oxidation properties at temperatures above 1000 °C in air but have also shown interesting corrosion properties in liquid lead at temperatures up to 550 °C [9,[14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28]. Commercial FeCrAl alloys usually have high Cr (15-22 wt%) and high Al (4.5-5.5 wt%) contents.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These high Cr and Al contents have given the materials their good oxidation properties, but it also renders them susceptible to embrittlement in specific temperature regions [29], and a poor work-and weldability [19,30]. However, earlier work has shown that these drawbacks can be avoided by lowering the Cr and Al contents to 10 wt% and 4 wt%, respectively, and yet maintain a good corrosion resistance [9,14,[16][17][18]30].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Corrosion Studies of Low-Alloyed FeCrAl Steels in Liquid Lead at 750 °C

2019

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New ductile experimental FeCrAl alloys, based on the composition of Fe-10Cr-4Al, were exposed to stagnant liquid lead at 750 °C for up to 1970 h. Two exposures with different test conditions were performed: one with addition of oxygen (as H 2 O) to the liquid lead and one without. The experimental alloys showed generally good oxidation and self-healing properties. The exposures showed that this specific category of steels has the potential to operate in liquid lead at very high temperatures with only minor oxidation. With this new material development, new energy technologies such as the CSP plants may be able to utilize liquid lead at very high temperatures as heat transfer fluid, thus achieving increased thermal efficiency.

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Long term corrosion resistance of alumina forming austenitic stainless steels in liquid lead

Cited by 77 publications

References 38 publications

Corrosion resistance and microstructural stability of austenitic Fe–Cr–Al–Ni model alloys exposed to oxygen-containing molten lead

Corrosion resistance and microstructural stability of austenitic Fe–Cr–Al–Ni model alloys exposed to oxygen-containing molten lead

Investigation of microstructure and liquid lead corrosion behavior of a Fe-18Ni-16Cr-4Al base alumina-forming austenitic stainless steel

Corrosion Studies of Low-Alloyed FeCrAl Steels in Liquid Lead at 750 °C

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