Long-term decline in intelligence among adult survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia treated with cranial radiation

Randomized trial of radiation-free central nervous system prophylaxis comparing intrathecal triple therapy with liposomal cytarabine in acute lymphoblastic leukemia

“…The issue of irreversible neurotoxicity caused by radiotherapy has become prominent in long-term survivors of childhood ALL. A high incidence of secondary cancers, 5 cognitive dysfunction 6,7 and organic brain damage detectable by magnetic resonance imaging and favoring early onset dementia 8 have been described. Because the outcome of adolescents and younger adults with ALL has greatly improved using pediatric-type protocols, [9][10][11] long-term radiation-related hazards can become of great concern for many patients cured by these programs.…”

Treatment Related Cognitive Impairment in Pediatric Oncology Patients: A Brazilian Experience

“…This result is similar to the findings in literature that indicate cumulative effects of cancer treatment. Thus, although cognitive deficits associated with neurosurgery of posterior fossa tumours and systemic and intrathecal chemotherapy can be pointed, the combination of these strategies with cranial and neuroaxis radiotherapy may intensify cognitive losses [9,14,35,36].…”

Cognitive Impairment in Survivors of Adolescent and Early Young Adult Onset Non-CNS Cancers: Does Chemotherapy Play a Role?

“…Primary and secondary CNS cancers and CNS irradiation are known risk factors for significant cognitive complications despite exposure to chemotherapy; therefore, this review is limited to non-CNS cancer types and excludes outcomes in survivors with primary or secondary intracranial tumors. [19][20][21][22] In addition, survivors who received craniospinal radiation were excluded from evaluation. As already mentioned, there is a growing body of literature highlighting neurocognitive outcomes in AYA survivors of childhoodonset cancer.…”