“…Long-term studies of plant populations have been mainly concerned with annuals, biennials (Symonides, 1987;Watkinson, 1990), and perennials of lowland ecosystems (Inghe and Tamm, 1985;Falinska, 1991;Willems and Bik, 1991;Bengtsson, 1993Bengtsson, , 2000Svensson et al, 1993;Woodward, 1997;Menges and Dolan, 1998). Populations of alpine or arctic species have rarely been studied for longer periods (Callaghan, 1976;Carlsson and Callaghan, 1991;Diemer, 1992;Forbis and Doak, 2004).…”