Long-term effect of a high-protein/non-carbohydrate diet on the primary liver and kidney metabolism in rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri)

Lupiáñez, José A.; Sánchez-Lozano, M.J.; Garcia-Rejon, L.; Higuera, Manuel de la

doi:10.1016/0044-8486(89)90449-3

Cited by 53 publications

(21 citation statements)

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“…Both transaminases are predominantly markers of liver function and may reflect improperly balanced diet resulting from total protein content. The influence of protein content in the diet on the activities of transaminases has been described for the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) (see Lupiánez et al 1989). In the presently reported study, significant differences between AST and ALT were observed for the analysed species (Fig.…”

Section: Tablesupporting

confidence: 56%

Species and sex-specific variation in the antioxidant status of tench, Tinca tinca; wels catfish, Silurus glanis; and sterlet, Acipenser ruthenus (Actinopterygii) reared in cage culture

Panicz

Drozd

et al. 2017

Acta Ichthyol. Piscat.

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Panicz R., Drozd R., Drozd A., Nędzarek A. 2017. Species and sex-specific variation in the antioxidant status of tench, Tinca tinca; wels catfish, Silurus glanis; and sterlet, Acipenser ruthenus (Actinopterygii) reared in cage culture. Acta Ichthyol. Piscat. 47 (3): 213-223.Background. Oxidative stress poses a serious threat to farmed fish, exemplified by depressed growth, decreased disease resistance, and reduced flesh quality. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine differences in activity of antioxidant enzymes and concentration of selected biochemical parameters between blood plasma of both sexes of three species important for sustainable development of aquaculture: tench, Tinca tinca (Linnaeus, 1758); wels catfish, Silurus glanis Linnaeus, 1758; and sterlet, Acipenser ruthenus Linnaeus, 1758. Materials and methods. Experimental fishes were fed ad libitum for 60 days with a formulated diet (45% proteins, 20% fat, 16% carbohydrates, 8% ash and 2% fibre). At the end of the study venous blood samples were collected and 11 biochemical parameters were assessed: superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), total antioxidant capacity (FRAP), alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), bilirubin, albumin, and uric acid. Results.Comparison between species revealed that the most significant differences were observed for tench and sterlet (in FRAP, GPx, CAT, GST LDH, ALT, bilirubin, and uric acid), less significant-for sterlet and wels (in FRAP, GST, LDH, AST, bilirubin, uric acid), followed by tench and wels catfish (in FRAP, GPx, GST, AST, and uric acid). Moreover, significant variations in the level of biochemical markers were also detected between sexes within each species, where the highest number was observed for tench (in FRAP, GPx, albumin, and uric acid), next wells catfish (in SOD, albumin, and bilirubin), and the lowest in sterlet (in ALA). Additionally, numerous differences in antioxidant potential (FRAP), antioxidant defence indices, as well as in markers of liver function, heart dysfunction, and markers of nutritional status were observed as species-specific and sex-specific. Conclusions. Results obtained in this study for the first time demonstrated species-and sex-related differences in plasma activity of antioxidant enzymes and concentration of selected biochemical parameters between tench, wels catfish, and sterlet reared in cage culture. The presented findings provide significant contribution not only to the existing knowledge of fish physiology but will also help to design optimal feeding practices to achieve sustainable cage aquaculture.

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Section: Tablesupporting

confidence: 56%

Species and sex-specific variation in the antioxidant status of tench, Tinca tinca; wels catfish, Silurus glanis; and sterlet, Acipenser ruthenus (Actinopterygii) reared in cage culture

Panicz

Drozd

et al. 2017

Acta Ichthyol. Piscat.

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“…A change of maximum enzyme activities reveals an altered demand for the related metabolic function (Newsholme and Paul 1983;Moon and Mommsen 1987;Kiessling et al 1991). This methodological approach has been used in numerous studies on the influence of environmental factors on fish metabolism (e.g., Mommsen et al 1980;Cowey et al 1981;Hilton and Atkinson 1982;Moon 1983;Walton 1986;Lupianez et al 1989;Walzem et al 1991;B6hm et al 1994;Pelletier et al 1994). This approach is applied in the present study to analyse metabolic ontogeny in larval C. gariepinus reared under different nutritional conditions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since ontogenetic processes might be greatly modified by environmental factors, the analyses have been performed for three different nutritional conditions: live food (Artemia nauplii), dry food, and starvation. For juvenile and adult fishes it is well documented that enzyme activities are under strict regulation of nutritional conditions (e.g., Cowey et al 1981;Moon 1983;Lupianez et al 1989;Bohm et al 1994). For larvae, information on dietary effects on enzyme activity is scarce.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic enzyme activities in larvae of the African catfish, Clarias gariepinus: changes in relation to age and nutrition

Segner

Verreth²

1995

Fish Physiol Biochem

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The influence of ontogeny and nutrition on metabolic enzyme activities in larvae of the African catfish, Clarias gariepinus, was studied. After start of exogenous feeding, the larvae were reared for 10 days under three different nutritional conditions: Artemia nauplii, a dry starter diet, and starvation. The live feed gave the best growth (96 mg within 10 days) whereas the dry diet resulted in low growth (33 mg). This growth difference was reflected in larval RNA and DNA concentrations, but not in the levels of soluble protein. Enzymes representing the following aspects of metabolism have been analysed: NADPH generation (G6PDH, ME), glycolysis (PFK, PK), gluconeogenesis (FDPase), amino acid catabolism (GOT, GPT) and oxidative catabolism (CS). All enzymes were present from the start of exogenous feeding onwards, but their maximum specific activities displayed different developmental patterns. In catfish larvae fed on Artemia, G6PDH and ME activities steadily increased with age and weight of the larvae. CS levels remained, after an immediate enhancement upon onset of exogenous feeding, on a rather stable plateau. The amino acid-degrading enzymes GOT and GPT showed maximum levels at days 3-5 of feeding or at a body weight of 10-20 mg, but decreased thereafter. Activities of PFK, PK and FDPase showed low initial levels, and increased significantly with age and size. Based on the ontogenetic patterns of metabolic enzymes, in C. gariepinus larvae an early and a late developmental phase can be distinguished. During the early phase, the glycolytic and gluconeogenetic capacities are low, whereas they are enforced during the later phase. The oxidative capacity is high both during the early and the late phase. The metabolic changes in catfish development coincide with other major ontogenetic events, e.g., alterations of muscle organization, gill morphology, respiration and stomach structure and function. Rearing catfish larvae on a dry diet instead of Artemia partly altered the developmental pattern described: The ontogenetic elevation of CS, PFK and FDPase was delayed and the early peak in GOT and GPT activities was not realized. Particularly during the early developmental phase, the enzyme behaviour of the larvae fed on dry food was similar to that of starved larvae.

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“…Dean et al (1986) observed increased activities of ALAT and ASAT in fingerling channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) fed with increased dietary protein. Lupiá ñ ez et al (1989) found an increase in ALAT activity in the liver of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fed a high-protein/noncarbohydrate diet and Metó n et al (1999) observed elevated ALAT activity in gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) fed high-protein diets. However, in contrast Kim et al (1992) did not observe significant effects of dietary protein content on the activity of hepatic ALAT in rainbow trout.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Effect of dietary protein/carbohydrate ratio on activities of hepatic enzymes involved in the amino acid metabolism of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (L.)

Gaye-Siessegger

Focken

Becker

2006

Fish Physiol Biochem

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This study investigated the influence of different dietary protein/carbohydrate ratios on activities of enzymes involved in the amino acid metabolism as well as on growth performance and body composition of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Fish were fed semi-synthetic diets differing in their protein/carbohydrate ratio. The diets were formulated to be isolipidic and isoenergetic (on the basis of metabolizable energy). Fish were reared individually. After a prefeeding phase, tilapia were randomly assigned to three groups and were fed the experimental diets at a relatively low level. The study lasted 9 weeks. Proximate composition, gross energy content, and activities of aspartate aminotransferase (ASAT) and alanine aminotransferase (ALAT) in the liver of fish were determined. While the mean growth rate and feed conversion efficiency did not differ significantly among the feeding groups, the body composition showed significant differences. The dietary protein/carbohydrate ratio had no significant effect on the protein and energy gain, but the lipid gain was significantly higher in tilapia fed the low-protein diet. The activities of ASAT and ALAT per gram of liver and per gram of soluble protein were significantly increased in fish fed the high-protein diet. There was a significant positive correlation between the activities of ASAT and ALAT. The activities of both enzymes in the liver were significantly higher in fish with a higher protein gain. Measuring the activities of enzymes involved in the amino acid metabolism can provide more information about the metabolic utilized dietary protein.Keywords Amino acid metabolism AE Alanine aminotransferase AE Aspartate aminotransferase AE Dietary protein/carbohydrate ratio AE Fish

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Long-term effect of a high-protein/non-carbohydrate diet on the primary liver and kidney metabolism in rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri)

Cited by 53 publications

References 18 publications

Species and sex-specific variation in the antioxidant status of tench, Tinca tinca; wels catfish, Silurus glanis; and sterlet, Acipenser ruthenus (Actinopterygii) reared in cage culture

Species and sex-specific variation in the antioxidant status of tench, Tinca tinca; wels catfish, Silurus glanis; and sterlet, Acipenser ruthenus (Actinopterygii) reared in cage culture

Metabolic enzyme activities in larvae of the African catfish, Clarias gariepinus: changes in relation to age and nutrition

Effect of dietary protein/carbohydrate ratio on activities of hepatic enzymes involved in the amino acid metabolism of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (L.)

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