Long-term Effect of Face-to-Face vs Virtual Reality Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) Training on Willingness to Perform CPR, Retention of Knowledge, and Dissemination of CPR Awareness

Abstract

IMPORTANCEIncreased bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is essential to improve survival after cardiac arrest. Although most studies focus on technical CPR skills, the randomized Lowlands Saves Lives trial prespecified a follow-up survey on other important aspects that affect the widespread performance of CPR. OBJECTIVE To investigate bystander willingness to perform CPR on a stranger, theoretical knowledge retention, and dissemination of CPR awareness 6 months after undergoing short face-toface and virtual reality (VR) CPR trainings. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS A prespecified 6-month posttraining survey was conducted among 320 participants in the Lowlands Saves Lives trial, a randomized comparison between 20-minute face-to-face, instructor-led CPR training and VR training. Participants were recruited at the Lowlands music festival, with a designated area to conduct scientific projects

Survival outcome among patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest who received cardiopulmonary resuscitation in China: a systematic review and meta-analysis

“…In addition, the ROSC rate of those with bystander CPR was 7.92 times that of those without bystander CPR. Our results support that early bystander CPR is a key determinant of survival [ 22 – 25 ]. However, the implementation rate for bystander CPR in China is low (11.4% in Beijing [ 3 , 26 ], 8.83% in Zhenzhou [ 27 ], and 0.59% in Hefei [ 4 ], vs. 39.4% in the United States [ 28 ] and 39% in Australia [ 29 ]) since the prevalent training rate in China is less than 1% and skill retention training is also rare [ 2 ].…”

Training in Basic Life Support and Bystander-Performed Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Survival in Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrests in Denmark, 2005 to 2019

“…BLS course content includes several elements known to improve survival, such as recognition, early call for EMS, improved CPR quality, better communication with the EMS dispatch center, and increased AED usage. 21,24,31,32 One element worth emphasizing is that participants in a BLS course are expected to recognize OHCA sooner and alert EMS faster. The importance of early recognition as a result of BLS education and training have been stressed by many resuscitation researchers [33][34][35][36][37][38] and several key publications suggest this to affect survival.…”

“…There is evidence that BLS courses also have increased early recognition, early call for EMS, higher CPR quality, improved communication with the EMS dispatch center, and increased AED usage, resulting in higher rate of shockable rhythm at EMS arrival. 24 It is further argued that a community where BLS training is common there might be a consequence of increased social awareness of recognition and acting, even among those whom have not participated in BLS JAMA Network Open | Health Policy training. 24 Although these elements are challenging to quantify, it is likely that some of the correlation between mass education in BLS is not directly linked to increased bystander CPR rate.…”

“…24 It is further argued that a community where BLS training is common there might be a consequence of increased social awareness of recognition and acting, even among those whom have not participated in BLS JAMA Network Open | Health Policy training. 24 Although these elements are challenging to quantify, it is likely that some of the correlation between mass education in BLS is not directly linked to increased bystander CPR rate.…”

The future of resuscitation

“…The COVID-19 pandemic forced us to shift the methods of CPR education from group-based simulation to self-training with/without virtual-reality or blended learning. [27][28][29] The technological development on CPR education triggered by the COVID-19 pandemic may contribute to improving accessibility and implementation of CPR education.…”