Long-term effect of fertilization on stone pine growth and cone production

Loewe-Muñoz, Verónica; R., Claudia Delard; Río, Rodrigo Del; Balzarini, Mónica

doi:10.1007/s13595-020-00978-6

Cited by 10 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The effect of fertilization on diameter growth was previously reported for horticultural crops (Brun and Tournier 1992) and stone pine (Loewe-Muñoz et al 2020). Measuring short-term stem diameter changes and coupling them to environmental conditions is a practical approach to the understanding of stem sensitivity to management interventions and of the species-specific patterns (McMahon and Parker 2015;Cocozza et al 2018;Zalloni et al 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…The species is sensitive to deficiency of micronutrients such as boron (Bento and Coutinho 2011) and iron (Malchi and Shenker 2011). Diameter growth was found to be stimulated by fertilization (Loewe-Muñoz et al 2020); this effect is important due to the correlation between diameter at breast height (DBH, 1.3 m) and cone production (Freire et al 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of fertilization on radial growth of Pinus pinea explored hourly using dendrometers

Loewe-Muñoz,

del Río Millar,

Delard Rodriguez

et al. 2024

Ecol Process

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Background Stone pine (Pinus pinea), a drought-resistant species, has significant socio-economic benefits and increasing interest for the establishment of productive plantations in several countries, especially in a climate change context. Monitoring hourly stem diameter variations contributes to the understanding of the tree-growth response to changes in environmental conditions and management. By monitoring the diameter expansion of tree stems, high-resolution band dendrometers were used to study the development of adult trees growing in a semi-arid coastal environment of central Chile under fertilized and non-fertilized soil conditions through the span of a year. Results Short cycles (< 21 h) were few in fertilized and non-fertilized trees (6 and 4, respectively), whereas long cycles (> 28 h) occurred at a higher frequency in fertilized trees (16 vs 6). Most of the circadian cycles were regular (24 ± 3 h). The longest cycle duration (59 h) was observed in fertilized trees during spring. In all seasons, each phase of the circadian cycle, especially during the stem diameter increment phase (P3, irreversible growth), started earlier in fertilized than in control trees. P3 duration was significantly longer in fertilized than in control trees in springtime. The maximum shrinkage (P1) was observed in summer for both treatments. Stem diameter increased faster in fertilized than in control trees throughout the year, with the highest accumulation occurring in spring and the lowest in autumn. The daily variability pattern showed lower growth under high temperature across seasons. Conclusions This study highlights the importance of fertilization in enhancing stone pine diameter growth. This cultural practice should be further explored to contribute to the mitigation of climate change effects in semi-arid environments.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of fertilization on radial growth of Pinus pinea explored hourly using dendrometers

Loewe-Muñoz,

del Río Millar,

Delard Rodriguez

et al. 2024

Ecol Process

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“…This longitudinal multi-environment study showed the dependence of PY on cone weight; hence, management practices, such as fertilization and irrigation, could be used to boost production of heavy cones. In fact, previous studies reported that fertilization increased PY [61] and cone weight [62,63]. The benefits of fertilization with both micronutrients [64,65] and macronutrients [21,38] have been studied in adult stone pine trees.…”

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 99%

Recommendations for increasing yield of the edible Pinus pinea L. pine nuts

Loewe-Muñoz,

Delard,

del Río

et al. 2024

PLoS ONE

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In Pinus pinea, cone to pine nut yield (total pine nut weight expressed as percentage of cone weight), an important crop trait, is decreasing worldwide. This phenomenon is of great concern, since the nuts of this species are highly demanded. Cone weight, seed and pine nut morphometry, and pine nut yield were monitored in a non-native area in Chile for 10 years. For this purpose, 560 cones, and the seeds and pine nuts contained in them, were counted, measured and weighed in a multi-environment study involving seven plantations. Seed and pine nut damage was evaluated. Two contrasting categories of cone weight (heavy/light) were defined. Cone to pine nut yield (PY) and other traits were calculated and compared between categories using a mixed linear model. Regression trees were used to explain PY variability. Cone weight was higher than in the species’ native range (474 g vs 300 g on average). Pine nut number per cone and PY were significantly higher in the heavy cone category than in the light cone category (125 vs 89 units, and 4.05 vs 3.62%, respectively), The percentage of damaged seeds was lower in heavy than in light cones (9.0% vs 15.9%). Thus, PY depended on seed and pine nut morphometry as well as on seed health. Management practices, such as fertilization and irrigation, could be used to boost production of heavy cones and consequently increase PY.

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A review of the effect of fertilization on the wood properties of Pinus trees

Akello,

du Toit,

Balboni

et al. 2024

Eur J Forest Res

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The use of intensive silviculture to increase forest productivity in commercial plantations will undoubtedly persist into the future. This review synthesizes and analyses studies that have investigated the influence of fertilization on density, microfibril angle (MFA), and modulus of elasticity (MOE) of different Pinus species under intensive management. It was found that in general, ring width or growth rate demonstrated a negative correlation with density, and a positive relationship with MFA. Also, the relationship between growth rate and density and MFA were age specific and often non-significant at the whole stem level. Earlywood and latewood were influenced differently by fertilization: Earlywood width and density increased while in latewood, width stayed constant but density decreased. This resulted in a decrease in within-ring heterogeneity of density and density-related properties. Since latewood generally contributed more to whole-ring density, the net effect was that whole-ring wood density of pines mostly decreased with fertilization. Given that fertilization often resulted in a decrease in wood density and an increase in MFA, MOE decreased with fertilization. Most fertilization-wood-property studies on Pinus involved nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers with differing quantity and ratios. Results suggest that nitrogen may cause the greatest change in wood growth and properties. An important question that was often unanswered in research, was whether the effect of specific fertilization treatments on wood properties were purely based on the influence of increased growth or whether there were direct influences not explained by growth. Also, despite potassium being an important elemental component of many fertilizers, relatively little work has been done to determine its effect on wood properties.

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Long-term effect of fertilization on stone pine growth and cone production

Cited by 10 publications

References 26 publications

Effects of fertilization on radial growth of Pinus pinea explored hourly using dendrometers

Effects of fertilization on radial growth of Pinus pinea explored hourly using dendrometers

Recommendations for increasing yield of the edible Pinus pinea L. pine nuts

A review of the effect of fertilization on the wood properties of Pinus trees

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