Long-Term Effect of Overnight Orthokeratology on Axial Length Elongation in Childhood Myopia: A 5-Year Follow-Up Study

Hiraoka, Takahiro; Kakita, Tetsuhiko; Okamoto, Fumiki; Takahashi, Hideto; Oshika, Tetsuro

doi:10.1167/iovs.11-8453

Cited by 385 publications

(340 citation statements)

References 48 publications

(57 reference statements)

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“…These optical strategies appear to slow the progression of myopia by B30-55% and without adverse effects. [38][39][40][41][42] It has been suggested that reducing the progression of myopia by as little as 33% would reduce the number of highly myopic eyes (4 À 5.00 D) by as many as 75%. 43 Data from a longer term clinical study, involving the use of contact lenses to reduce the hyperopic defocus at the peripheral retina, showed that the ability of these lenses to slow the progression of myopia was a consistent 40% per year over the study period of 43 months.…”

Section: Optical Interventionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Myopia, an underrated global challenge to vision: where the current data takes us on myopia control

Holden

Sankaridurg

Smith

et al. 2013

Eye

213

153

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Myopia is the most frequent cause of distance impairment in the world and is creating an alarming global epidemic with deleterious ramifications for the quality of life and economic health of individuals and nations as a whole. In addition to being immediately disadvantageous, myopia increases the risk of serious disorders such as myopic macular degeneration, retinal detachment, glaucoma, and cataract and is a leading cause of visual impairment and blindness across many countries. The reduction in age of onset of myopia is of great concern since the earlier the onset, the more myopic the individual will become, with all the attendant increased risks of accompanying debilitating eye conditions. The economic burden is great; both in consequences of uncorrected refractive error and also in the provision of devices for correcting visual acuity. Earlier onset of myopia increases the lifetime economic burden related to loss of productivity and independence, leading to a reduced quality of life. Recent data suggest addressing accommodation per se has little direct amelioration of myopia progression. Pharmacological interventions that effect changes in the sclera show promising efficacy, whereas optical interventions based on a myopic shift in the retinal image are proving to effect up to 55% reduction in the rate of progression of myopia. Early contact lens and spectacle interventions that reduce the rate of progression of myopia are able to significantly reduce the burden of myopia. These nonpharmacological interventions show profound promise in reducing the overall associated morbidity of myopia.

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Section: Optical Interventionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Myopia, an underrated global challenge to vision: where the current data takes us on myopia control

Holden

Sankaridurg

Smith

et al. 2013

Eye

213

153

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“…Ortho-K is the application of specially-designed, reverse-geometry; rigid-gas-permeable contact lenses worn only while sleeping to temporarily reshape the cornea, such that refractive error is corrected without the need to wear any correction during waking hours. To date, numerous clinical studies have reported a beneficial effect of Ortho-K on slowing or stopping myopic progression [20][21][22][23][24][25]. Ortho-K requires adherence to prescribed wear time, and children in one retrospective study were shown to be very adherent to the prescribed Ortho-K wearing schedule [26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Axial Length in Orthokeratology Patients: Large Case Series

Lipson¹

2016

AOVS

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Purpose: To evaluate axial length measurements obtained over a three-year period in children undergoing Orthokeratology (Ortho-K).Methods: Patient records were identified from a specialty contact lens practice. Data were obtained from myopic patients who were prescribed Ortho-K wear. Demographic data at baseline included age at commencement of Ortho-K and ethnicity. Clinical data recorded at baseline and at years 1, 2 and 3 included subjective refraction, corneal topography, corneal curvature, axial length, pupil size, and lens design, changes in lens parameters, lens wear habits, wearing time and unaided visual acuity. The primary outcome measure was change in axial length during the study period.Results: 194 eyes of 97 subjects were included in data analysis. Mean age at start of Ortho-K was 10.4 years (SD=1.9). Mean axial length was 24.59 mm (SD=0.85) at baseline and 24.87 mm (SD=0.87) at the three year evaluation, for a mean change in axial length of 0.28 mm (SD=0.64). 65.5% of eyes (n=127) showed little or no change (<0.5 mm) in axial length during the study period. 20.1% of eyes (n=39) showed moderate increase in axial length of 0.5-1.0 mm and14.4% of eyes (n=28) showed >1.0 mm increase in axial length during the 3-year study period. Linear mixed regression analysis showed a significant association between older age at initiation of Ortho-K and less increase in axial length (p=0.0077). Axial length changes were not associated with duration of wear (both hours/night and nights/week) or baseline corneal curvature. Conclusion:Use of Ortho-K may help reduce axial length elongation in myopic eyes. Age of the initial treatment is a key factor. The baseline of cornea curvature and duration of the wear are not directly associated with treatment outcome. Of note, during the three-year study, 65.5% of treated eyes (n=127) showed a minimal or clinically insignificant increase of axial length (<0.5mm). Early treatment should be considered.

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“…Regardless of the age range being different, both studies showed similar retention patterns. Furthermore, the Japanese study followed the subjects for five years, and the regulation effect, despite lower, continued over this period [33].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stabilization in early adult-onset myopia with corneal refractive therapy

González-Meijóme

Carracedo

Lopes-Ferreira

et al. 2016

Contact Lens and Anterior Eye

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Long-Term Effect of Overnight Orthokeratology on Axial Length Elongation in Childhood Myopia: A 5-Year Follow-Up Study

Abstract: The current 5-year follow-up study indicated that OK can suppress axial length elongation in childhood myopia.

Cited by 385 publications

References 48 publications

Myopia, an underrated global challenge to vision: where the current data takes us on myopia control

Myopia, an underrated global challenge to vision: where the current data takes us on myopia control

Axial Length in Orthokeratology Patients: Large Case Series

Stabilization in early adult-onset myopia with corneal refractive therapy

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