Long-term effect of SARS-CoV-2 infection on cardiovascular outcomes and all-cause mortality

Aleksova, Aneta; Fluca, Alessandra Lucia; Gagno, Giulia; Pierri, Alessandro; Padoan, Laura; Derin, Agnese; Moretti, Rita; Noveska, Elena Aleksova; Azzalini, Eros; D’Errico, Stefano; Beltrami, Antonio Paolo; Zumla, Alimuddin; Ippolito, Giuseppe; Sinagra, Gianfranco; Janjusevic, Milijana

doi:10.1016/j.lfs.2022.121018

Cited by 25 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 99 publications

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“…Damaged mitochondria are sources of products of incomplete oxygen reduction, i.e., ROS, which play an important role in the pathogenesis of atherogenesis [33] SARS-CoV-2 infection may also promote telomere shortening by exporting the TERF2IP-TRF2 complex following mitochondrial ROS (mtROS) -mediated activation of the ribosomal s6-kinase p90RSK. Thus, it is possible that oxidative stress caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection may contribute to aging phenotypes that exacerbate the development and progression of atherosclerosis in COVID-19 survivors [20]. This is consistent with the theory of atherogenesis as a manifestation of local clonal aging and deterioration of the vascular cells [7].…”

Section: Respiratory Failure and Mixed Hypoxiasupporting

confidence: 78%

“…In vitro infection of cardiomyocytes with the S1 subunits of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein can alter their transcriptome, induce fragmentation of myofibrils, and destruction of nuclei. Thus, the S1 protein itself is dangerous for cardiac cells, and SARS-CoV-2 is characterized by the ability to cause hypertrophic myocardial remodeling, cardiac dysfunction, and myocarditis [20]. In coronavirus myocarditis (as in myocarditis caused by enteroviruses and herpes group viruses), both lymphocytic infiltration of the myocardium and autoantibodies against cardiac antigens are detected [21].…”

Section: Direct and Immune-related Cytopathic Effects Of Sars-cov-2 O...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Aterosclerosis, Cardiovascular Disorders And Covid-19: Comorbid Pathogenesis

Makarova¹,

Ryabkova²,

Салухов³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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The article describes how atherosclerosis and coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) may affect each other. The features of this comorbid pathogenesis at various levels (vascular, cellular and molecular) are considered. A bidirectional influence of these conditions is described: the presence of cardiovascular diseases affects different individual susceptibility to viral infection. In turn, SARS-CoV-2 can have a negative effect on the endothelium and cardiomyocytes, causing blood clotting, secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and thus exacerbating the development of atherosclerosis. In addition to the established entry into cells via ACE2 принимая во внимание его влияние на, other mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 entry are currently under investigation, for example, through CD147. Pathogenesis of comorbidity can be determined by the influence of the virus on various links which are meaningful for atherogenesis: generation of oxidized forms of LDL, launch of a cytokine storm, damage to the endothelial glycocalyx, and mitochondrial injury. The transformation of a stable plaque into an unstable one plays an important role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis complications and can be triggered by COVID-19. The impact of SARS-CoV-2 on large vessels such as aorta is more complex than previously thought considering its impact on vasa vasorum. Current information on the mutual influence of the medicines used in the treatment of atherosclerosis and acute COVID-19 is briefly summarized

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Section: Respiratory Failure and Mixed Hypoxiasupporting

confidence: 78%

Section: Direct and Immune-related Cytopathic Effects Of Sars-cov-2 O...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Aterosclerosis, Cardiovascular Disorders And Covid-19: Comorbid Pathogenesis

Makarova¹,

Ryabkova²,

Салухов³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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“…315 Whether SARS-CoV-2 interacts with the gut microbiota to modulate COVID-19–related CVD risk remains unknown. 316,317…”

Section: Interaction Between the Gut Microbiome And Viral Infection I...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut Microbiota and Microbial Metabolism in Early Risk of Cardiometabolic Disease

Gabriel

Ferguson

2023

Circulation Research

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Cardiometabolic disease comprises cardiovascular and metabolic dysfunction and underlies the leading causes of morbidity and mortality, both within the United States and worldwide. Commensal microbiota are implicated in the development of cardiometabolic disease. Evidence suggests that the microbiome is relatively variable during infancy and early childhood, becoming more fixed in later childhood and adulthood. Effects of microbiota, both during early development, and in later life, may induce changes in host metabolism that modulate risk mechanisms and predispose toward the development of cardiometabolic disease. In this review, we summarize the factors that influence gut microbiome composition and function during early life and explore how changes in microbiota and microbial metabolism influence host metabolism and cardiometabolic risk throughout life. We highlight limitations in current methodology and approaches and outline state-of-the-art advances, which are improving research and building toward refined diagnosis and treatment options in microbiome-targeted therapies.

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“…Potential mechanisms related to the pathophysiology of long COVID-19 could include (1) harm to tissues and cells that are relevant for vascular flow, therefore blood clotting is increased; (2) persistence of fragments of the virus or its sub-particles/protein material in a wide range of tissues; and (3) an altered immune system, among others. Moreover, chronic cardiovascular effects of COVID-19 have been frequently reported, even among those who had no previous CVD, suggesting an important tropism of this virus with the cardiovascular system [ 5 ]. Therefore, heart disease patients are specifically considered to have a worse prognosis during the acute phase of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection [ 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Post-COVID-19 Symptoms and Heart Disease: Incidence, Prognostic Factors, Outcomes and Vaccination: Results from a Multi-Center International Prospective Registry (HOPE 2)

Núñez‐Gil

Feltes

Viana-Llamas

et al. 2023

JCM

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Background: Heart disease is linked to worse acute outcomes after coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), although long-term outcomes and prognostic factor data are lacking. We aim to characterize the outcomes and the impact of underlying heart diseases after surviving COVID-19 hospitalization. Methods: We conducted an analysis of the prospective registry HOPE-2 (Health Outcome Predictive Evaluation for COVID-19-2, NCT04778020). We selected patients discharged alive and considered the primary end-point all-cause mortality during follow-up. As secondary main end-points, we included any readmission or any post-COVID-19 symptom. Clinical features and follow-up events are compared between those with and without cardiovascular disease. Factors with p < 0.05 in the univariate analysis were entered into the multivariate analysis to determine independent prognostic factors. Results: HOPE-2 closed on 31 December 2021, with 9299 patients hospitalized with COVID-19, and 1805 died during this acute phase. Finally, 7014 patients with heart disease data were included in the present analysis, from 56 centers in 8 countries. Heart disease (+) patients were older (73 vs. 58 years old), more frequently male (63 vs. 56%), had more comorbidities than their counterparts, and suffered more frequently from post-COVID-19 complications and higher mortality (OR heart disease: 2.63, 95% CI: 1.81–3.84). Vaccination was found to be an independent protector factor (HR all-cause death: 0.09; 95% CI: 0.04–0.19). Conclusions: After surviving the acute phase, patients with underlying heart disease continue to present a more complex clinical profile and worse outcomes including increased mortality. The COVID-19 vaccine could benefit survival in patients with heart disease during follow-up.

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Long-term effect of SARS-CoV-2 infection on cardiovascular outcomes and all-cause mortality

Cited by 25 publications

References 99 publications

Aterosclerosis, Cardiovascular Disorders And Covid-19: Comorbid Pathogenesis

Aterosclerosis, Cardiovascular Disorders And Covid-19: Comorbid Pathogenesis

Gut Microbiota and Microbial Metabolism in Early Risk of Cardiometabolic Disease

Post-COVID-19 Symptoms and Heart Disease: Incidence, Prognostic Factors, Outcomes and Vaccination: Results from a Multi-Center International Prospective Registry (HOPE 2)

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