Long-term effectiveness of bone-setting, light exercise therapy, and physiotherapy for prolonged back pain: A randomized controlled trial

Clinical Effectiveness of Aquatic Exercise to Treat Chronic Low Back Pain

“…10 Previous several studies recommended land-based exercises in managing CLBP. [11][12][13][14] These trials provide strong evidence that exercise therapy is at least as effective as other conservative interventions for CLBP. However, aquatic therapy programs have not been extensively studied (only 2 published research for CLBP).…”

Exercise reduces sick leave in patients with non-acute non-specific low back pain: a meta-analysis

“…One study was excluded because the publication was available in Finnish only (22,23). Twelve studies, investigating patients with pain in the lower back together with patients with pain in other body parts (24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35), were excluded. Three excluded studies investigated patients with spondylolysthesis (36-38) and 2 studies investigated women with LBP during pregnancy (39,40).…”

High Loading Rate During Spinal Manipulation Produces Unique Facet Joint Capsule Strain Patterns Compared With Axial Rotations

“…12 Facet joint capsule strain magnitudes during simulated HVLA-SM were within the range that occurred during maximum physiological motions, 12 indicating that the procedure is biomechanically safe and provided a stimulus that is likely sufficient to stimulate FJC neurons. 3 However, physiological motions of the lumbar spine by themselves (eg, exercise) are generally ineffective in treating LBP, 13 suggesting that FJC strain magnitude alone would be insufficient in providing a novel stimulus for FJC afferents. In a rabbit model, lumbar FJC and paraspinal muscle afferents functioned as b velocity detectors,Q responding to joint loading and loading rate.…”