Long-term effects of charcoal on nematodes and other soil meso- and microfaunal groups at historical kiln-sites – a pilot study

Gießelmann, Urs Christian; Borchard, Nils; Traunspurger, Walter; Witte, Klaudia

doi:10.1016/j.ejsobi.2019.103095

Cited by 13 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Recent studies in soil science focus on RCH site-specific changes of soil chemical properties, such as increases in soil organic matter contents and element stocks (e.g., Donovan et al, 2021), changes in soil physical properties (e.g., and effects on vegetational and faunal growth (e.g., Buras et al, 2020;Gießelmann et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A modified Mask region‐based convolutional neural network approach for the automated detection of archaeological sites on high‐resolution light detection and ranging‐derived digital elevation models in the North German Lowland

Bonhage

Eltaher

Raab

et al. 2021

Archaeological Prospection

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Due to complicated backgrounds and unclear target orientation, automated object detection is difficult in the field of archaeology. Most of the current convolutional neural network (CNN) object-oriented detection techniques are based on a faster region-based CNN (R-CNN) and other one-stage detectors that often lack adequate processing speeds and detection accuracies. Recently, the two-stage detector Mask R-CNN technique achieved impressive results in object detection and instance segmentation problems and was successfully applied in the analysis of archaeological airborne laser scanning (ALS) data. In this study, we outline a modified Mask R-CNN technique that reliably and efficiently detects relict charcoal hearth (RCH) sites on light detection and ranging (LiDAR) data-based digital elevation models (DEMs).Using image augmentation and image preprocessing steps combined with the deep learning-based adaptive gradient method with a dynamic bound on the learning rate (AdaBound) optimization technique, we could improve the model's accuracy and significantly reduce its training time. We use DEMs based on high-resolution LiDAR data and the visualization for archaeological topography (VAT) technique that give images with a very strong contrast of the terrain and the outline of the sites of interest in the North German Lowland. Therefore, the model can identify RCH sites with an average recall of 83% and an average precision of 87%. Techniques such as the modified Mask R-CNN method outlined here will help to greatly improve our knowledge about archaeological site densities in the realm of historical charcoal production and past human-landscape interactions. This method provides an accurate, time-efficient and bias-free large-scale site mapping option not only for the North German Lowland but potentially for other landscapes as well.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A modified Mask region‐based convolutional neural network approach for the automated detection of archaeological sites on high‐resolution light detection and ranging‐derived digital elevation models in the North German Lowland

Bonhage

Eltaher

Raab

et al. 2021

Archaeological Prospection

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“…The decrease in the population of D. dipsaci using husk charcoal has an effectiveness of 27.56%. Other studies have shown that the use of charcoal can reduce the abundance of plant parasitic nematodes [26]. Husk charcoal can improve the porosity of the soil so that it is good for root respiration and retains soil moisture, so that the soil will be able to bind water, then be released into the micropores to be absorbed by plants and promote the growth of microorganisms beneficial to the soil and plants [27].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decrease in population of Ditylenchus dipsaci in garlic cultivation with the application of mycorrhizae and organic fertilizers

Poromarto

Hadiwiyono

Subagiya

et al. 2022

IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.

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Garlic is the main commodity of farmers in Tawangmangu, Central Java. The superior variety in the area is Tawangmangu Baru. Unfortunately this variety is susceptible to garlic root rot caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cepae. The infection of this pathogen was increased by the presence of the nematode Ditylenchus dipsaci. Besides the loss due to single infection, this nematode can predispose garlic to be susceptible to garlic root rot disease. Therefore, population decrease of D. capsaci is important as a component of integrated control of the two pests. Environmentally friendly control is a priority now and in the future, including biologically, such as the application of mycorrhizae and orgnically such as organic fertilizers. This paper reports a decrease in the population of D. dipsaci in garlic cultivation with the application of mycorrhizae and organic fertilizers. This research was conducted on farmer’s land in Tawangmangu Karanganyar Central Java at an altitude of 1000 m asl and Andosol soil type. The results showed that mycorrhizae, compost, and husk charcoal could decrease the population of D. capsaci. The effectiveness of nematode population decrease in the single treatment of mycorrhizae, compost, and husk charcoal were 18.45, 42.14, and 27.56%, respectively. While the combination of the three treatments gave the highest effectiveness value, namely 48.52%.

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“…In this study, a low rate (5 Mg ha −1 ) of biochar application did not affect the soil physicochemical properties but significantly affected ecological indices of nematodes. Previous studies also remarked that a low amount (3 Mg ha −1 to 10 Mg ha −1 ) of rice husk biochar amendment did not affect soil pH, EC, exchangeable Ca, total N, available K and soluble organic carbon in field conditions [6,72] and these amounts belong to a recommended range (5 to 50 Mg ha −1 ) by International Biochar Initiative. However, biochar can quickly shift soil microbial community [5,73] and nematodes [4,13], even at amounts that do not affect the soil chemical properties.…”

Section: Effects Of Biochar On Maturity Index and Metabolic Footprint...mentioning

confidence: 90%

Influence of Rice Husk Biochar on Soil Nematode Community under Upland and Flooded Conditions: A Microcosm Experiment

et al. 2022

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Biochar has the potential for improving soil properties and supporting ecological functions, but it has negative impacts on soil organisms in some cases. This study aimed to assess the effect of biochar application at rates of 0 (B0), 5 Mg ha−1 (B5), 20 Mg−1 (B20), and 40 Mg ha−1 (B40) on soil nematode community under upland and flooded conditions in a short-term microcosm experiment. After biochar application, soil was incubated for 2 to 8 weeks and nematodes were identified for community composition, trophic structures, functional guilds, maturity index and metabolic footprints. The chemical properties of the soils were also analyzed. General linear model revealed that biochar increased soil pH, EC, NO3−-N, available phosphorus, total C, and C/N ratio, particularly in the highest application rate and shifted the composition of nematodes. The greatest abundances of omnivores (Mesodorylaimus, Thornenema), predator (Nygolaimus) and functional guilds of cp5 were observed in B5, resulting in greatest structure footprint and composite footprint, (omnivorous + predator) footprint and total biomass in B5. While abundances of nematodes tended to decrease with the biochar applicate rates, the abundance of Prismatolaimus was the highest in B40. During the 8-week incubation period, the abundances of Achromadora, Alaimus, Aporcelaimellus, Cryptonchus, Mononchus, and Tobrilus remained stable in upland conditions. Under flooded conditions, the abundances of almost all taxa were markedly lower than those under upland conditions irrespective of biochar application, except for Acrobeloides, Alaimus, Aphelenchoides, and Ditylenchus. We highlighted that 5 Mg ha−1 of rice husk biochar can be the optimum in shaping the nematode community.

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Long-term effects of charcoal on nematodes and other soil meso- and microfaunal groups at historical kiln-sites – a pilot study

Cited by 13 publications

References 21 publications

A modified Mask region‐based convolutional neural network approach for the automated detection of archaeological sites on high‐resolution light detection and ranging‐derived digital elevation models in the North German Lowland

A modified Mask region‐based convolutional neural network approach for the automated detection of archaeological sites on high‐resolution light detection and ranging‐derived digital elevation models in the North German Lowland

Decrease in population of Ditylenchus dipsaci in garlic cultivation with the application of mycorrhizae and organic fertilizers

Influence of Rice Husk Biochar on Soil Nematode Community under Upland and Flooded Conditions: A Microcosm Experiment

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