Long-term effects of kwashiorkor on the electroencephalogram

Bartel, Peter; Griesel, R.D.; Freiman, I; Rosen, Eric; Geefhuysen, J

doi:10.1093/ajcn/32.4.753

Cited by 24 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 7 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…9 Evidence from malnourished non-AN infant samples offers some insight on the effects of malnutrition on EEG. Reduced alpha rhythm has been observed in this group, [10][11][12] suggesting that abnormal cortical brain activity could simply reflect malnutrition rather than a predisposing disease marker of AN. Interestingly, evidence also exists to support the persistence of deficits post nutritional rehabilitation in this same group, 11 which points to the possibility of potential irreversible damage after a prolonged period of starvation or under-nutrition.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 66%

Eeg in adolescent anorexia nervosa: Impact of refeeding and weight gain

Hatch

Madden

Kohn

et al. 2010

Intl J Eating Disorders

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 66%

Eeg in adolescent anorexia nervosa: Impact of refeeding and weight gain

Hatch

Madden

Kohn

et al. 2010

Intl J Eating Disorders

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In eight out of nine studies reviewed using matched controls the previously malnourished children performed significantly worse on cognitive tests than children without a history of malnutrition 31 -39 . Only one study, in South Africa, 40 showed no difference between the groups. Deficits were present up to puberty but there is little data from adults.…”

Section: Longitudinal Studies Of Undernourished Childrenmentioning

confidence: 94%

Review of the evidence linking protein and energy to mental development

Grantham‐McGregor

Baker‐Henningham

2005

Public Health Nutr.

117

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objective: To examine the evidence as to whether the relationship between undernutrition and poor child development is causal. Design: Selected studies from developing countries were discussed. Observational studies were first considered then experimental studies of preventative and remedial supplementation. The type of functions affected, the presence of sensitive periods and the role of protein and energy versus that of micronutrients were reviewed. Results: Childhood undernutrition is generally associated with concurrent and longer term deficits in cognition, behaviour and motor skills, although the relationship is likely to be confounded by socio-economic factors. Supplementation trials have had many design problems. However, those beginning at any age from pregnancy up to 24 months have consistently had concurrent benefits suggesting a causal relationship. Supplement begun in older children had little or no effect, albeit there are too few studies to conclude with confidence. The limited evidence suggests that benefits are more likely to be sustained if supplementation begins in late pregnancy or at birth and is continued until the child is at least 24 months old.Deficits in cognition tend to be global and there is insufficient evidence of specific deficits. There is some evidence that the first 2 years of life are most sensitive to the effects of undernutrition. Most studies have failed to separate the effects of energy and protein from those of micronutrients. One study showed that energy and/or protein affects children's development. Psychosocial stimulation has had consistent benefits on undernourished childrens' development Conclusions: Public health nutrition programmes should include a component in which children who are at risk are targeted during the first 2 years of life with combined interventions involving nutrition, health care and early stimulation.

show abstract

“…Most evidence for permanent behavioral deficits from an episode of malnutrition comes from several studies that have followed previously malnourished children through adolescence and, in a limited number of cases, into early adulthood. 63,[69][70][71][72][73][74] Head circumference is irreversibly reduced, especially following a history of marasmus in the first two years of life. 63 Recent reports using computerized tomography scans show persistent underdevelopment of the temporo-parietal region many years after an episode of malnutrition.…”

Section: Long-term Sequelaementioning

confidence: 99%

Children and famine: long‐term impact on development

Galler

Barrett

2001

Ambulat Child Health

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The current and long-term effects of famine and malnutrition on cognitive and behavioral development are reviewed. The brain is vulnerable to the effects of insults during critical periods of brain development from the second trimester of pregnancy until 2 years of age. Malnutrition experienced at these ages will have lifelong consequences that are not reversed by adequate nutrition. Long-term effects of prenatal, postnatal and childhood malnutrition have been reported even after a long period of recovery from the illness itself. We summarize results of our longitudinal study in Barbados in which we followed individuals, now 28-34 years of age, who experienced moderate to severe malnutrition during their first year of life and a healthy comparison group from the same classrooms. Our studies showed that malnutrition had a negative impact on cognitive and behavioral functioning throughout childhood and adolescence, even after controlling for socioeconomic conditions and other factors in the home environment. The most striking finding in our series of studies was a fourfold increase from 15% to 60% in the frequency of attention deficit disorder following infantile malnutrition. Attention deficits persisted at least through adolescence and was closely associated with poor performance on a national high school examination at 11 years of age. We conclude that, under conditions of famine, it is important to include early and comprehensive interventions to reverse not only medical conditions resulting from malnutrition, but also cognitive and behavioral deficits arising from famine. In the absence of appropriate interventions, compromised behavioral function may continue long beyond the episode, may impact on the quality of life over the longterm of survivors, and increase costs to society.

show abstract

Long-term effects of kwashiorkor on the electroencephalogram

Cited by 24 publications

References 7 publications

Eeg in adolescent anorexia nervosa: Impact of refeeding and weight gain

Eeg in adolescent anorexia nervosa: Impact of refeeding and weight gain

Review of the evidence linking protein and energy to mental development

Children and famine: long‐term impact on development

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About