Long term effects of maternal protein restriction on postnatal lung alveoli development of rat offspring

Farid, S. A.; Mahmoud, Omayma M.; Salem, Noha A.; Abdel-Alrahman, Gamal; Hafez, G. A.

doi:10.5603/fm.2015.0111

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The thickening of the inter-alveolar septa was probably dueto According to morphometry in thein vivo and ex vivo studies, the average thickness of the inter-alveolar septa was 0.05 ± 0.02 mm and 0.03 ± 0.01 mm, respectively. The average thickness of the inter-alveolar septa in the control group was 0.015 ± 0.05 mm, which is consistent with the literature data [47,48]. The total lung capacity of the rat was about 10 mL compared to about 1 mL of the mouse and 6000 mL of a human [49].…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 90%

Multimodal Diagnostics of Changes in Rat Lungs after Vaping

Yanina,

Genin,

Genina

et al. 2023

Diagnostics

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(1) Background: The use of electronic cigarettes has become widespread in recent years. The use of e-cigarettes leads to milder pathological conditions compared to traditional cigarette smoking. Nevertheless, e-liquid vaping can cause morphological changes in lung tissue, which affects and impairs gas exchange. This work studied the changes in morphological and optical properties of lung tissue under the action of an e-liquid aerosol. To do this, we implemented the “passive smoking” model and created the specified concentration of aerosol of the glycerol/propylene glycol mixture in the chamber with the animal. (2) Methods: In ex vivo studies, the lungs of Wistar rats are placed in the e-liquid for 1 h. For in vivo studies, Wistar rats were exposed to the e-liquid vapor in an aerosol administration chamber. After that, lung tissue samples were examined ex vivo using optical coherence tomography (OCT) and spectrometry with an integrating sphere. Absorption and reduced scattering coefficients were estimated for the control and experimental groups. Histological sections were made according to the standard protocol, followed by hematoxylin and eosin staining. (3) Results: Exposure to e-liquid in ex vivo and aerosol in in vivo studies was found to result in the optical clearing of lung tissue. Histological examination of the lung samples showed areas of emphysematous expansion of the alveoli, thickening of the alveolar septa, and the phenomenon of plasma permeation, which is less pronounced in in vivo studies than for the exposure of e-liquid ex vivo. E-liquid aerosol application allows for an increased resolution and improved imaging of lung tissues using OCT. Spectral studies showed significant differences between the control group and the ex vivo group in the spectral range of water absorption. It can be associated with dehydration of lung tissue owing to the hyperosmotic properties of glycerol and propylene glycol, which are the main components of e-liquids. (4) Conclusions: A decrease in the volume of air in lung tissue and higher packing of its structure under e-liquid vaping causes a better contrast of OCT images compared to intact lung tissue.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 90%

Multimodal Diagnostics of Changes in Rat Lungs after Vaping

Yanina,

Genin,

Genina

et al. 2023

Diagnostics

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“…In addition to maternal factors transmitted during lactation that may influence lung development, the role of maternal obesity (346) and maternal nutrition during lactation in lung development has also been addressed. In a study on maternal protein restriction, where nursing rats were provided with either a 20% protein diet (control) or a 6% protein diet (protein restriction diet) (153), maternal protein restriction resulted in a pronounced decrease in body mass and lung mass. The authors also reported a persistent (up to 2 mo of postnatal life) decrease in alveolus density and alveolar septal wall thickness and cite lung stereology literature for the method employed (402).…”

Section: L1106mentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent advances in our understanding of the mechanisms of late lung development and bronchopulmonary dysplasia

Solaligue

Rodríguez‐Castillo

Ahlbrecht

et al. 2017

American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Phys

132

102

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The objective of lung development is to generate an organ of gas exchange that provides both a thin gas diffusion barrier and a large gas diffusion surface area, which concomitantly generates a steep gas diffusion concentration gradient. As such, the lung is perfectly structured to undertake the function of gas exchange: a large number of small alveoli provide extensive surface area within the limited volume of the lung, and a delicate alveolo-capillary barrier brings circulating blood into close proximity to the inspired air. Efficient movement of inspired air and circulating blood through the conducting airways and conducting vessels, respectively, generates steep oxygen and carbon dioxide concentration gradients across the alveolo-capillary barrier, providing ideal conditions for effective diffusion of both gases during breathing. The development of the gas exchange apparatus of the lung occurs during the second phase of lung development-namely, late lung development-which includes the canalicular, saccular, and alveolar stages of lung development. It is during these stages of lung development that preterm-born infants are delivered, when the lung is not yet competent for effective gas exchange. These infants may develop bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), a syndrome complicated by disturbances to the development of the alveoli and the pulmonary vasculature. It is the objective of this review to update the reader about recent developments that further our understanding of the mechanisms of lung alveolarization and vascularization and the pathogenesis of BPD and other neonatal lung diseases that feature lung hypoplasia.

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“…During organogenesis, environmental insults may cause discrete structural defects that permanently reduce the functional capacity of an organ. The effects of MPM on offspring organ structure alterations include: less kidney microvascular development, 69 fewer nephrons in the kidney, 70 fewer pancreatic β cells, 71 fewer brain capillaries, 72 fewer neurons that control appetite in the hypothalamus, 73 delay in lung development 74 and altered cellular ratio of liver cell types 75 . Further, MPM affects offspring organ function, including by inducing impaired glucose tolerance, 76 peripheral insulin resistance, 77 coronary disease 78 and hypertension 79 …”

Section: Fetal Programming and Developmental Plasticitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal protein malnutrition: effects on prostate development and adult disease

Rinaldi

Santos

Colombelli

et al. 2018

J Dev Orig Health Dis

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Well-controlled intrauterine development is an essential condition for many aspects of normal adult physiology and health. This process is disrupted by poor maternal nutrition status during pregnancy. Indeed, physiological adaptations occur in the fetus to ensure nutrient supply to the most vital organs at the expense of the others, leading to irreversible consequences in tissue formation and differentiation. Evidence indicates that maternal undernutrition in early life promotes changes in key hormones, such as glucocorticoids, growth hormones, insulin-like growth factors, estrogens and androgens, during fetal development. These alterations can directly or indirectly affect hormone release, hormone receptor expression/distribution, cellular function or tissue organization, and impair tissue growth, differentiation and maturation to exert profound long-term effects on the offspring. Within the male reproductive system, maternal protein malnutrition alters development, structure, and function of the gonads, testes and prostate gland. Consequently, these changes impair the reproductive capacity of the male offspring. Further, permanent alterations in the prostate gland occur at the molecular and cellular level and thereby affect the onset of late life diseases such as prostatitis, hyperplasia and even prostate cancer. This review assembles current thoughts on the concepts and mechanisms behind the developmental origins of health and disease as they relate to protein malnutrition, and highlights the effects of maternal protein malnutrition on rat prostate development and homeostasis. Such insights on developmental trajectories of adult-onset prostate disease may help provide a foundation for future studies in this field.

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Long term effects of maternal protein restriction on postnatal lung alveoli development of rat offspring

Abstract: Poor nutrition of women during pregnancy causes reduction in foetal growth (Folia Morphol 2015; 74, 4: 479-485)

Cited by 4 publications

References 19 publications

Multimodal Diagnostics of Changes in Rat Lungs after Vaping

Multimodal Diagnostics of Changes in Rat Lungs after Vaping

Recent advances in our understanding of the mechanisms of late lung development and bronchopulmonary dysplasia

Maternal protein malnutrition: effects on prostate development and adult disease

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