Long-term effects of neonicotinoids on reproduction and offspring development in the copepod Acartia tonsa

Impacts of exhaust gas cleaning systems (EGCS) discharge waters on planktonic biological indicators

“…The specimens of A. tonsa used for testing were obtained from in-house cultures maintained as reported by Picone et al, 2021 , Picone et al, 2022a , Picone et al, 2022b . Young adults and copepodite V stage (C—V) individuals were selected for the 48-h acute exposure test , according to ISO 14669 standard guide ( ISO, 1999 ).…”

“…The long-term exposure of A. tonsa to scrubber and inlet water was performed according to Picone et al (2022a) . The test started on day-0 by adding 400–600 eggs released by the in-house laboratory cultures to each treatment ( Table 1 ) in 1-L glass bottles.…”

Selected neonicotinoids and associated risk for aquatic organisms

“…Studies indicate that, for vertebrates and also invertebrates, they may be genotoxic (Hong et al 2018;Senyildiz et al 2018), immunotoxic (Di Prisco et al 2017Hong et al 2018), hepatotoxic (Wang et al 2019), and have cytotoxic effects (Senyildiz et al 2018;Wang et al 2019). Some studies also (Bal et al 2012;Lonare et al 2014;Wessler and Kirkpatrick 2017;Ge et al 2018;Raby et al 2018;Picone et al 2022) point to the possible impairment to the reproductive processes and abilities of vertebrate and invertebrate animals when exposed to neonicotinoid substances.…”