Long-term effects of radiation exposure on health

Kamiya, Kenji; Ozasa, Kotaro; Akiba, Suminori; Niwa, Ohstura; Kodama, Kazunori; Takamura, Noboru; Zaharieva, Elena Karamfilova; Kimura, Yuko; Wakeford, Richard

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(15)61167-9

Cited by 327 publications

(178 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…It has been reported that cardiac catheterization exposes patients to 15-fold more radiation than thoracic CTA (16). Exposure to ionizing radiation increases the lifetime risk of cancer (17), and children are generally more sensitive to radiation than adults for 25% of cancer types, including leukemia and cancers of the thyroid, skin, breast, and brain (18). Any decision to perform a procedure exposing a child to high levels of radiation should be made carefully.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unknown vascular compression of the airway in patients with congenitalheart disease and persistent lower respiratory symptoms

T¹,

Aslan²,

Öztunalı³

et al. 2017

Turk J Med Sci

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Background/aim: Airway compression (AC) by vascular structures is an important complication of congenital heart disease (CHD) that often goes unrecognized. It is not easy to identify whether CHD patients require additional invasive examinations or not. Therefore, the present study aims to develop an AC diagnostic algorithm for CHD patients.Materials and methods: CHD patients with persistent respiratory symptoms that were treated between January 2007 and December 2015 were retrospectively reviewed. The following data were recorded for all CHD patients with AC: age, cardiac anomalies, the compressed structure, the airway diameter ratio (ADR), the compressing structure(s), treatment, and follow-up.Results: During the 8-year study period, 62 of 253 CHD patients had persistent respiratory symptoms, of which 11 cases were diagnosed as AC via bronchoscopy and/or thoracic computed tomography angiography. The most frequently affected structures were the left main bronchus and trachea, and the most common compressing structure was the right pulmonary artery. The ADR was near total compression in 3 patients and >0.50 in 3 patients. During follow-up, 5 of the 11 patients with AC underwent surgery, 2 died, and 4 were followed clinically. Patients with ADR of >0.50 did not require surgery and were followed clinically. Conclusion:CHD patients with persistent respiratory symptoms associated with lower respiratory airway obstruction should be evaluated via invasive examination. An AC diagnostic algorithm for pediatric CHD patients was developed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unknown vascular compression of the airway in patients with congenitalheart disease and persistent lower respiratory symptoms

T¹,

Aslan²,

Öztunalı³

et al. 2017

Turk J Med Sci

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show abstract

“…In addition, it has recently been observed that the possible effects may also include cataracts and cardiovascular outcomes at lower doses than previously considered [5][6][7]. Doses required to produce deterministic changes are in most cases large (usually in excess of 1-2 Gy) as illustrated in Figure 2.…”

Section: Stochastic and Deterministic Radiation Effectsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Radiation Risk Communication to the Patient

Kubinyi¹,

Sabol²,

Hudzietzová³

2017

RadJ

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Abstract. Ionizing radiation and radionuclides are widely used in diagnostic radiology, nuclear medicine and radiotherapy. Radiation related methods and procedures are especially useful in diagnostic applications where they provide valuable information about the patient conditions and problems. In this case, the effort is concentrated in obtaining the required diagnostic data while keeping the exposure to the patients to a very minimum level. On the other hand, the therapeutic use of radiation, in the form of external or internal exposure is aimed at delivering the relevant (rather high) doses to a particular volume in the organ or tissue in order to cure the tumour. In both of these modalities, the patients also receive a certain undesirable dose to healthy or normal tissues in the vicinity of the tumour. Obviously, any exposure may result in some stochastic effects characterized by a very small increase in the probability of developing additional cancers in years after the exposure. The paper discusses various methods of explaining the radiation risk to patients undergoing specific examinations or treatments involving radiation exposure. It also outlines the approach of the European Union and the situation in the Czech Republic.

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“…In addition, the dose-response relation for cancer at low doses is assumed, for purposes of radiological protection, to be linear and without a threshold, but this has not been definitively confirmed for all exposure scenarios. An appropriate dose-response relation for the effects of low doses of radiation therefore remains to be established (Kamiya et al 2015).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%