Long term effects of severe acquired brain injury: A follow-up investigation on the role of cognitive reserve on cognitive outcomes

Basagni, Benedetta; Rosa, Elisa Di; Bertoni, Debora; Mondini, Sara; Tanti, Antonio De

doi:10.1080/23279095.2022.2160251

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…All participants were analyzed without any information regarding their previous experiences or differences in culture, lifestyle, and education. It has been shown that cognitive reserve can help to address patients toward technological or conventional rehabilitation [52,53]. A more in-depth analysis of patients' physical and mental activity history may help understand the skin conductance response.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Immediate Effects of Immersive Virtual Reality on Autonomic Nervous System Function in Patients with Disorders of Consciousness after Severe Acquired Brain Injury: A Pilot Study

Reale,

Fusco,

Calciano

et al. 2023

JCM

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Disorders of Consciousness (DoCs) after severe acquired brain injury involve substantial impairment of cognition and physical functioning, requiring comprehensive rehabilitation and support. Technological interventions, such as immersive Virtual Reality (VR), have shown promising results in promoting neural activity and enhancing cognitive and motor recovery. VR can induce physical sensations that may activate the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) and induce ANS-regulated responses. This study aimed to investigate the effects of immersive VR on the ANS in patients with DoCs through the analysis of the electrodermal activity (EDA). EDA was measured with a wearable device during a single immersive VR session consisting of static and dynamic videos depicting naturalistic environments. A pilot case–control study was conducted with 12 healthy participants and 12 individuals with DoCs. Results showed higher EDA values in patients than in healthy participants (p = 0.035), suggesting stronger autonomic activation during immersive VR exposure, while healthy subjects, in turn, showed a decrease in EDA values. Our results revealed a significant interaction between conditions and groups (p = 0.003), with patients showing significantly increased EDA values from the baseline compared to dynamic video observation (p = 0.014) and final rest (p = 0.007). These results suggest that immersive VR can elicit sympathetic arousal in patients with DoCs. This study highlights the potential of immersive VR as a tool to strengthen autonomic responses in patients with impaired consciousness.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Immediate Effects of Immersive Virtual Reality on Autonomic Nervous System Function in Patients with Disorders of Consciousness after Severe Acquired Brain Injury: A Pilot Study

Reale,

Fusco,

Calciano

et al. 2023

JCM

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“…Most of the CR literature concentrates on the effects on cognitive functioning, thereby showing what different levels of CR entail in the cognitive sphere. Thus, CR has been primarily investigated in dementia [ 8 ], acquired brain injury [ 31 ] and stroke [ 32 ]. The concept has also been extended to healthy aging and a broad range of neurological and psychiatric conditions.…”

Section: Cognitive Reserve and Its Relationship With Quality Of Lifementioning

confidence: 99%

A State-of-the-Art Review on the Role of Cognitive and Motor Reserve on Quality of Life: A Focus on Cardiovascular Patients in a Lifespan Perspective

Giannì,

Crepaldi,

Fusi

et al. 2024

Geriatrics

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Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) reflect a huge and diversified condition that influences patient quality of life (QoL) both in the physical and mental aspects, especially in older adults who often present comorbidities and may be affected by cognitive decline. The concept of cognitive reserve (CR), which is built through life course experiences, has widely been considered a protective factor against cognitive decline, while the results of QoL in the field of CVDs are still controversial. In particular, there is a lack of evidence that explicitly explores the effects of CR on the QoL in CVD cases since studies have considered only single CR proxies (e.g., education) or specific cardiovascular conditions. Moreover, none of them have considered the motor reserve (MR), another recent concept that considers the amount of physical activity carried out during a lifespan. Its potential role in preventing age-related diseases has been observed, but more clarification is needed given the importance of the physical component in CVDs. The present state-of-the-art review aims to (i) examine how the literature conceives CR and its proxies in CVDs relating to QoL and (ii) integrate the concept of MR in this framework. Implications for clinical practice will also be discussed.

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“…Alzheimer’s disease [ 18 ]. CR has been studied in other neurodegenerative conditions such as Parkinson’s disease (e.g., [ 19 – 22 ]) and multiple sclerosis [ 23 , 24 ], as well as in relation to the cognitive outcome of traumatic and acquired brain injury [ 25 – 27 ] and stroke [ 28 , 29 ]. CR has also been applied to the study of healthy ageing, specifically age-related changes in cognition.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive reserve modulates mental health in adulthood

Porricelli,

Tecilla,

Pucci

et al. 2024

Aging Clin Exp Res

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Cognitive Reserve (CR) reflects acquired knowledge, skills, and abilities throughout life, and it is known for modulating cognitive efficiency in healthy and clinical populations. CR, which was initially proposed to explain individual differences in the clinical presentation of dementia, has subsequently been extended to healthy ageing, showing its role in cognitive efficiency also during middle age. Recently, CR has been linked to affective processes in psychiatric conditions such as schizophrenia, major depressive and anxiety symptoms, and psychological distress, suggesting its potential role in emotional expression and regulation. Whether the role of CR in mental health extends to non-pathological adults, and whether this is only relevant in older age is not yet clear. The aim of this work was therefore to explore the relationship between CR and mental health in healthy adults, with a focus on middle adulthood (40–60). In a sample of 96 participants, we found a positive association between CR and mental health outcomes, such that a higher cognitive reserve index corresponded to fewer mental health reported symptoms. Specifically, a higher CR reflecting professional activities was associated with lower stress levels, especially in middle agers. Taken together, these data therefore suggest that engaging occupations may help maintain a robust mental health, especially by reducing stress symptoms during middle age. These results broaden previous findings suggesting that CR relates to affective components of mental health in middle aged and older adults.

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Long term effects of severe acquired brain injury: A follow-up investigation on the role of cognitive reserve on cognitive outcomes

Cited by 6 publications

References 30 publications

The Immediate Effects of Immersive Virtual Reality on Autonomic Nervous System Function in Patients with Disorders of Consciousness after Severe Acquired Brain Injury: A Pilot Study

The Immediate Effects of Immersive Virtual Reality on Autonomic Nervous System Function in Patients with Disorders of Consciousness after Severe Acquired Brain Injury: A Pilot Study

A State-of-the-Art Review on the Role of Cognitive and Motor Reserve on Quality of Life: A Focus on Cardiovascular Patients in a Lifespan Perspective

Cognitive reserve modulates mental health in adulthood

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