Long-term effects of the British evacuation of children during World War 2 on their adult mental health

Rusby, J.S.M.; Tasker, Fiona

doi:10.1080/13607860902867750

Cited by 43 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…In long-term studies of children evacuated and separated from their parents during World War II bombings in Europe, increased rates of mental health problems have been reported 6 to 7 decades after the experience. 32,33 However, Finnish adults who were separated from their father in World War II because of military deployment had no adult mental health sequelae because of their experience, which is in contrast to children separated from their parents as a result of evacuation. 33 Our study was limited by reliance on clinical diagnosis and provider coding for identification of mental and behavioral health diagnoses and not on standardized clinical definitions.…”

Section: Male) Of Deployed Marines In 2003mentioning

confidence: 95%

Wartime Military Deployment and Increased Pediatric Mental and Behavioral Health Complaints

2010

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WHAT'S KNOWN ON THIS SUBJECT:Military deployment of a parent influences children's behavior in a variety of settings. The clinical significance of these deployment-associated behavior changes has not been determined. WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS:Children experiencing separation from a parent due to wartime military deployment have an 11% increase in outpatient visits for mental and behavioral health complaints, which contrasts with a general deploymentassociated decrease in health care visits in all other diagnostic categories.abstract BACKGROUND: Children of military personnel face stress when a parent deploys. OBJECTIVE: Our goal was to determine the effect of parental military deployment on the relative rate of outpatient visits for mental and behavioral health disorders in children aged 3 to 8 years. METHODS:This was a retrospective cohort study. Records of children of active-duty personnel during fiscal years 2006 and 2007 were linked with their parent's deployment records. Mental and behavioral health visits were identified by using International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, codes. The incidence rate ratio (IRR) of visits per year according to parental deployment status was determined with random-effects negative binomial regression modeling with longitudinal data analysis. RESULTS: A total of 642 397 children aged 3 to 8 years and 442 722 military parents were included. Mean child age was 5.0 years (SD: 1.9 years); 50.6% were male, and 68.0% were white. Ninety percent of the parents were male, and 90.5% were married; 32.0% of the parents were deployed during the study. There were 1 049 081 person-years with 611 115 mental and behavioral health visits (0.6 visit per year). The IRR of mental and behavioral health visits for children with a deployed parent compared with when a parent was home was 1.11 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.07-1.14; P Ͻ .001). IRRs of pediatric anxiety, behavioral, and stress disorders when a parent deployed were 1.14 (95% CI: 0.98 -1.32; P ϭ .095), 1.19 (95% CI: 1.07-1.32; P Ͻ .001), and 1.18 (95% CI: 1.10 -1.26; P Ͻ .001), respectively. Older children and children with military fathers and married parents had larger increases in rates of mental and behavioral health visits during parental deployments. In contrast, the overall outpatient rate and rates of visits for other diagnoses decreased when a parent was deployed. CONCLUSIONS: Mental and behavioral health visits increased by 11% in these children when a military parent deployed; behavioral disorders increased 19% and stress disorders increased 18%. Rates especially increased in older children and children of married and male military parents.

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Section: Male) Of Deployed Marines In 2003mentioning

confidence: 95%

Wartime Military Deployment and Increased Pediatric Mental and Behavioral Health Complaints

2010

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“…This enabled the study of child-parent separation. One of these studies reported lower psychological well-being and insecure attachment styles (Foster et al, 2003) along with heightened risk of depression and anxiety (Rusby and Tasker, 2009). Other studies found no change in depression, anxiety, or mental health (Birtchnell and Kennard, 1984;Tennant et al, 1982).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Abuse, neglect, and separation from either one or both parents during childhood have been shown to be associated with a greater risk of mental health disorders (Afifi et al, 2006(Afifi et al, , 2009Danese et al, 2009;Green et al, 2010;Hjern et al, 2002;Johnson et al, 1999Johnson et al, , 2006M€ akikyr€ o et al, 1998;Morgan et al, 2007;Pesonen et al, 2007;Rubino et al, 2009;Rusby and Tasker, 2009;Sharon et al, 2009;Thompson et al, 2008;Tieman et al, 2005;Veijola et al, 2004Veijola et al, , 2008Widom, 1999;Widom et al, 2007Widom et al, , 2009. Also parental separation during childhood has been shown to have detrimental psychological long-term consequences (Birtchnell and Kennard, 1984;Breier et al, 1988;Foster et al, 2003;Kendler et al, 1992Kendler et al, , 2002Pesonen et al, 2007;Tennant et al, 1982).…”

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confidence: 95%

Early life stress and later health outcomes—findings from the Helsinki Birth Cohort Study

Eriksson

Räikkönen

Eriksson

2013

American J Hum Biol

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“…Capstick and Clegg's (2013) study of the war narratives of three men with dementia also notes that historical trauma can be reactivated with the onset of dementia due to a relaxation of cognitive control over emotional memory, and that this can lead to the emergence of counter-hegemonic versions of historical events. Rusby and Tasker (2009) found that wartime evacuation could have lifelong effects on mental health and well-being, with age at the time and quality of care being significant 8 factors. Cook et al (2003) note that many aspects of a care environment may act as reminders of traumatic experiences, including television news coverage, the sound of other people in distress, and loud noises.…”

Section: Psychogeography and Dementiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Place memory and dementia: Findings from participatory film-making in long-term social care

Capstick¹,

Ludwin²

2015

Health & Place

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A participatory film-making study carried out in long-term social care with 10 people with Alzheimer-type dementia found that places the participants had known early in life were spontaneously foregrounded. Participants' memories of such places were well-preserved, particularly when photo-elicitation techniques, using visual images as prompts, were employed. Consistent with previous work on the 'reminiscence bump' in dementia, the foregrounded memories belonged in all cases to the period of life between approximately 5 and 30 years. Frequently the remembered places were connected with major life events which continued to have a strong emotional component. The continuing significance of place in the context of long-term dementia care is considered from a psychogeographical perspective.

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Long-term effects of the British evacuation of children during World War 2 on their adult mental health

Abstract: The study demonstrated significant associations between childhood experiences and lifespan mental health, reinforcing the importance of knowledge of childhood history in the clinical treatment of older adults.

Cited by 43 publications

References 26 publications

Wartime Military Deployment and Increased Pediatric Mental and Behavioral Health Complaints

Wartime Military Deployment and Increased Pediatric Mental and Behavioral Health Complaints

Early life stress and later health outcomes—findings from the Helsinki Birth Cohort Study

Place memory and dementia: Findings from participatory film-making in long-term social care

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