Long-term Effects of Training Systems and Rootstocks on ‘McIntosh’ and ‘Honeycrisp’ Performance, a 15-year Study in a Northern Cold Climate—Part 1: Agronomic Analysis

Lordan, Jaume; Wallis, Anna; Francescatto, Poliana; Robinson, Terence L.

doi:10.21273/hortsci12925-18

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Our results confirm the results reported by other studies (Robinson, 2007b), that increasing tree density results in smaller tree size (TCSA), which allows successful long-term management of high-density plantings without excessive vigor and excessive pruning. This study strongly supports the results of previous studies of the significant benefit of high-density orchards on the cumulative yield of apple trees (Balkhoven-Baart et al, 2000;Hampson et al, 2002;Lordan et al, 2018aLordan et al, , 2018bReig et al, 2019aReig et al, , 2019bRobinson 2007b;Robinson et al, 1991Robinson et al, , 2003. Our results also show that the shape of the relationship is curvilinear over a wide density range on rootstocks with a wide range of vigor, such as 'B.118' and 'M.7EMLA' in agreement with previous studies (Reig et al, 2019a); however, we saw a linear relationship with the other rootstocks we evaluated ('G.11' and 'G.935').…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Long-term Performance of ‘Delicious’ Apple Trees Grafted on Geneva® Rootstocks and Trained to Four High-density Systems under New York State Climatic Conditions

Reig¹,

Lordan²,

Hoying³

et al. 2020

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We conducted a large (0.8 ha) field experiment of system × rootstock, using Super Chief Delicious apple as cultivar at Yonder farm in Hudson, NY, between 2007 and 2017. In this study, we compared six Geneva® rootstocks (‘G.11’, ‘G.16’, ‘G.210’, ‘G.30’, ‘G.41’, and ‘G.935’) with one Budagovsky (‘B.118’) and three Malling rootstocks (‘M.7EMLA’, ‘M.9T337’ and ‘M.26EMLA’). Trees on each rootstock were trained to four high-density systems: Super Spindle (SS) (5382 apple trees/ha), Tall Spindle (TS) (3262 apple trees/ha), Triple Axis Spindle (TAS) (2243 apple trees/ha), and Vertical Axis (VA) (1656 apple trees/ha). Rootstock and training system interacted to influence growth, production, and fruit quality. When comparing systems, SS trees were the least vigorous but much more productive on a per hectare basis. Among the rootstocks we evaluated, ‘B.118’ had the largest trunk cross-sectional area (TCSA), followed by ‘G.30’ and ‘M.7EMLA’, which were similar in size but they did not differ statistically from ‘G.935’. ‘M.9T337’ was the smallest and was significantly smaller than most of the other rootstocks but it did not differ statistically from ‘G.11’, ‘G.16’, ‘G.210’, ‘G.41’, and ‘M.26EMLA’. Although ‘B.118’ trees were the largest, they had low productivity, whereas the second largest rootstock ‘G.30’ was the most productive on a per hectare basis. ‘M.9’ was the smallest rootstock and failed to adequately fill the space in all systems except the SS, and had low cumulative yield. The highest values for cumulative yield efficiency (CYE) were with ‘G.210’ for all training systems except for VA, where ‘M.9T337’ had the highest value. The lowest values were for all training systems with ‘B.118’ and ‘M.7EMLA’. Regardless of the training system, ‘M.7EMLA’ trees had the highest number of root suckers. Some fruit quality traits were affected by training system, rootstock or system × rootstock combination.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Long-term Performance of ‘Delicious’ Apple Trees Grafted on Geneva® Rootstocks and Trained to Four High-density Systems under New York State Climatic Conditions

Reig¹,

Lordan²,

Hoying³

et al. 2020

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“…G.16 feathered trees were significantly more vigorous than B.9 and M.9T337 trees for 'Fuji' and 'Honeycrisp'. This supports the findings of Lordan et al (2018) who also reported G.16 being larger than M.9T337 or B.9. In the case of bench-grafted trees, this trend was only observed in 'Honeycrisp'.…”

Section: Interaction Of Tree Type and Rootstock (Treatment) Effectsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Cumulative production is by far the most important indicator of successful economic performance of orchards (Lordan et al, 2018). In this study, all treatments related to feathered trees produced fruits from the second year after planting (2007) onwards.…”

Section: Interaction Of Tree Type and Rootstock (Treatment) Effectmentioning

confidence: 83%

Effect of tree type and rootstock on the long-term performance of ‘Gala’, ‘Fuji’ and ‘Honeycrisp’ apple trees trained to Tall Spindle under New York State climatic conditions

Reig

Lordan

Sazo

et al. 2019

Scientia Horticulturae

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In 2006, two 0.3 ha orchard trials were established at two sites (Dressel farm in Southeastern New York State and VandeWalle farm in Western New York State) to compare two tree types (feathered trees and bench-grafted trees) on five rootstocks [three Geneva ® rootstocks (G.11, G.16, G.41) with one Budagovsky rootstock (B.9) and one Malling rootstock (M.9T337)] as controls. 'Gala' and 'Fuji' were used as scion cultivars at Dressel farm and 'Gala' and 'Honeycrisp' as the scions cultivars at VandeWalle farm. At each location, trees were planted at 3,262 trees ha -1 and trained to a Tall Spindle (TS) system. Location, tree type and rootstock interacted to affect tree growth, production and fruit quality of each scion cultivar. 'Gala' trees from VandeWalle (Western NY State) were more productive (33% more production) than those from Dressel Farm (Southern NY State), because they produced more fruits per cm -2 and fruit size was bigger. When comparing the two tree types (feathered and bench-grafted) at both locations and across all rootstocks (B.9, G.11, G.16, G.41, and M.9T337), feathered trees were similar in tree size after 11 seasons as bench-grafted ones, except for 'Fuji' at Dressel farm where bench-grafted trees were 27% smaller than feathered trees. The bench-grafted trees had lower cumulative yield per hectare, cumulative yield efficiency, and cumulative crop load than the fully feathered trees.Finally, when comparing all 10 tree type x rootstock combinations, for 'Fuji', feathered trees with G.11, for 'Gala', feathered trees with G.41, and for 'Honeycrisp', feathered trees with G.16 were the combinations with the highest cumulative yield, high yield efficiency and crop loads, low biennial bearing, and with slightly significant larger fruits.

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“…Our economic analysis showed that there was a very large difference (5•) in NPV between the two cultivars with 'Honeycrisp' much more profitable than 'McIntosh'. Although 'Honeycrisp' had lower yields in this trial in northern New York (Lordan et al, 2018b), the high fruit prices for this cultivar made it highly profitable, with more than $450,000/ ha over 20 years. This value is much higher than that estimated by Bradshaw et al (2016) in Vermont, of $75,000/ha after 20 years.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

Long-term Effects of Training Systems and Rootstocks on ‘McIntosh’ and ‘Honeycrisp’ Performance, a 20-year Study in a Northern Cold Climate—Part 2: Economic Analysis

Lordan¹,

Wallis²,

Francescatto³

et al. 2018

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Orchard profitability relies on multiple factors such as cultivar, planting density, training system, rootstock, and fruit quality but is also strongly affected by growing climate and soil resources. To evaluate orchard profitability in a northern cold climate, a field trial was planted in Peru, Clinton County, NY, in 2002, with two apple cultivars (Honeycrisp and McIntosh), where we compared the Central Leader (CL) training system on ‘M.M.111’ rootstock; Slender Pyramid (SP) on ‘M.26’ and ‘Geneva® 30’ (‘G.30’); Vertical Axis (VA) on ‘M.9 (Nic® 29)’ (‘M.9’), ‘Budagovsky 9’ (‘B.9’), and ‘G.16’; SolAxe (SA) on ‘M.9’, ‘B.9’, and ‘G.16’; and Tall Spindle (TS) on ‘M.9’, ‘B.9’, and ‘G.16’. CL was planted at 539 trees/ha, SP at 1097 trees/ha, VA and SA at 1794 trees/ha, and TS at 3230 trees/ha. The aim of this study was to evaluate the economic profitability of ‘Honeycrisp’ and ‘McIntosh’ at a wide range of planting densities, training systems, and rootstocks for cold areas such as northern New York state. A secondary goal was to assess the effect of various economic factors on the net present value (NPV) of each combination of training system, rootstock, and density. High NPV was achieved with ‘Honeycrisp’ (≈$450,000/ha), whereas NPV was significantly lower with ‘McIntosh’ (≈$80,000/ha). Within ≈5 years, ‘Honeycrisp’ planted in a TS (3230 trees/ha) reached a positive NPV, whereas 9 years were needed when ‘Honeycrisp’ was planted in a CL system at 539 trees/ha. With ‘McIntosh’, break-even year to positive NPV (BYPNPV) was reached at 9 years for TS on ‘M.9’. Most of the other training system and rootstock combinations needed up to 11–13 years to show a positive NPV. The most important variables affecting orchard NPV in our trial were fruit price and yield. The best option for ‘Honeycrisp’ in northern New York State appears to be TS on either ‘B.9’ or ‘M.9’, whereas with ‘McIntosh’, the best option appears to be TS on ‘M.9’.

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Long-term Effects of Training Systems and Rootstocks on ‘McIntosh’ and ‘Honeycrisp’ Performance, a 15-year Study in a Northern Cold Climate—Part 1: Agronomic Analysis

Cited by 10 publications

References 39 publications

Long-term Performance of ‘Delicious’ Apple Trees Grafted on Geneva® Rootstocks and Trained to Four High-density Systems under New York State Climatic Conditions

Long-term Performance of ‘Delicious’ Apple Trees Grafted on Geneva® Rootstocks and Trained to Four High-density Systems under New York State Climatic Conditions

Effect of tree type and rootstock on the long-term performance of ‘Gala’, ‘Fuji’ and ‘Honeycrisp’ apple trees trained to Tall Spindle under New York State climatic conditions

Long-term Effects of Training Systems and Rootstocks on ‘McIntosh’ and ‘Honeycrisp’ Performance, a 20-year Study in a Northern Cold Climate—Part 2: Economic Analysis

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