Long-term efficacy of hydrotherapy on balance function in patients with Parkinson’s disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract

BackgroundHydrotherapy can improve the motor and non-motor symptoms of Parkinson’s disease (PD), but the long-term effects of hydrotherapy on PD are still unclear.ObjectiveThe purpose of this systematic evaluation and meta-analysis was to explore the long-term effects of hydrotherapy on balance function in PD patients.MethodsA systematic search of five databases was conducted to identify appropriate randomized controlled trials (RCTs) according to the established inclusion and exclusion criteria. The general characteristics and outcome data (balance, exercise, mobility, quality of life, etc.) of the included studies were extracted, and the quality of the included studies was evaluated using the Cochrane risk of bias assessment tool. Finally, the outcome data were integrated for meta-analysis.ResultsA total of 149 articles were screened, and 5 high-quality RCTs involving 135 PD patients were included. The results of the meta-analysis showed positive long-term effects of hydrotherapy on balance function compared to the control group (SMD = 0.69; 95% CI = 0.21, 1.17; p = 0.005; I2 = 44%), However, there were no significant long-term effects of hydrotherapy on motor function (SMD = 0.06; 95% CI = −0.33, 0.44; p = 0.77; I2 = 0%), mobility and quality of life (SMD = −0.21; 95% CI = −0.98, 0.57; p = 0.6; I2 = 71%). Interestingly, the results of the sensitivity analysis performed on mobility showed a clear continuation effect of hydrotherapy on mobility compared to the control group (SMD = −0.80; 95% CI = −1.23, −0.37; p < 0.001; I2 = 0%).ConclusionThe long-term effects of hydrotherapy on PD patients mainly focus on balance function, and the continuous effects on motor function, mobility, and quality of life are not obvious.

Effects of Biodanza® SRT on Motor, Cognitive, and Behavioral Symptoms in Patients with Parkinson’s Disease: A Randomized Controlled Study

“…Therefore, the management of PD patients requires an integrated multidisciplinary approach that includes non-pharmacological interventions (cognitive training, physical activity, and non-invasive brain stimulation) and complementary therapies aimed at achieving long-lasting symptomatic benefits and improving QoL. Several studies have demonstrated the short-term effectiveness of conventional physiotherapy in improving walking, postural stability, and patients’ QoL [ 12 , 13 , 14 ]. However, temporal continuity, adherence to physiotherapy programs, and conventional motor activity can vary over time [ 13 , 15 ].…”

“…Engaging patients in stimulating activities that respect the needs and functional limitations of the disease can help overcome these barriers and encourage their regular participation. Other forms of physical activity, such as cycling, walking, postural exercise, hydrotherapy, and martial arts, have proven beneficial in terms of improving patients’ mobility and quality of life, in addition to traditional therapies [ 12 , 13 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 ].…”