Long-Term Esthetic Outcome of Different Treatment Modalities for Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Cervicofacial Lymphadenitis

Current management of cervicofacial nontuberculous mycobacterial infections in the pediatric population

“…Moreover, 70–80% of patients who receive antibiotics experience side effects, ranging from reversible tooth discoloration from rifabutin to systemic symptoms like fever and fatigue [6,36]. Fistula formation for both groups is also highly unpredictable, as healing by secondary intention often results in unsightly scars [37 ▪▪ ]. If either option is selected by the patient, close surveillance should be utilized to observe for treatment failure and the need to progress towards definitive management.…”

“…Complete resection with local lymphadenectomy is the most successful treatment option, with an adjusted cure rate of 98.7%, more aesthetic scars, and low recurrence rate [4 ▪▪ ,14,37 ▪▪ ,39]. Surgical excision also more frequently yields positive histological findings – namely, presence of microabscesses, ill-defined granulomas, noncaseating granulomas, and a small number of giant cells – than fine needle aspiration or I&D [41,42], and it leads to faster wound resolution times than all other methods [14,36].…”