Long-term fish toxicity test using the zebrafish: Effect of group formation and temporary separation by sex on spawning

Bresch, H.; Markert, Michael; Munk, R.; Spieser, O. Hunrich

doi:10.1007/bf01607811

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Another reason for carrying out this study was to determine whether IHD C strain zebrafish might be useful substitutes for WT fish in some of the many bioassay situations for which the species is used (Fogels and Sprague, 1977;Bresch, 1986). The lack of consistently reduced variability just mentioned is one reason why they may not be useful.…”

Section: Differences Between Wt and C Zebrafishmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The zebrafish is a common, small (adults <3 cm SL), relatively easily maintained freshwater aquarium fish that had its original geographic and ecological home in rapid streams in the mountains of south Asia (Laale, 1977). In addition to its popularity in the aquarium trade, in recent times it has become widely used both as a bioassay organism in a range of situations relating to environmental water quality (Fogels and Sprague, 1977;Bresch, 1986) and as the subject of many research investigations in such areas as development and neurobiology (Westerfield, 1989;Davidson, 1990;Ho and Kimmel, 1993;Strehlow and Gilbert, 1993). The fact that it is one of the few vertebrates that can be relatively easily cloned, and has a generation time short enough to permit multigenerational genetic manipulations within reasonable periods, is an important part of the basis for its research uses.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Swimming Metabolism of Wild-Type and Cloned Zebrafish Brachydanio Rerio

Plaut

Gordon

1994

Journal of Experimental Biology

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The availability of a gynogenetic isogenic homozygous diploid clonal strain (C) of the zebrafish (Brachydanio rerio), combined with the small adult body size of the species, made possible a study of the following two questions. (1) Is the genetic uniformity of a group of fish reflected in decreased variability of features of organismic performance physiology? (2) Is the metabolic cost of subcarangiform swimming significantly different in small fishes compared with large ones? Wild-type (WT) and C strain zebrafish maintained at 28 °C can all swim very rapidly [up to relative swimming speeds of 13 body lengths s-1 (BL s-1)] for extended periods (at least 2 h) without visibly tiring. Oxygen consumption rates were measured for both types at swimming speeds of 1.513 BL s-1. Whole-body lactate concentrations were also measured during routine activity and after prolonged exercise for both fish types. The slopes of the linear regressions between the logarithm of mass-specific oxygen consumption rates and relative swimming speeds for WT zebrafish were low (0.0100.024) and were not significantly different from zero. Regression slopes were also low (0.0090.026), but different from zero, for C zebrafish. Standard metabolic rates were 0.601.54 and 0.400.85 ml O2 g-1 h-1 for WT and C zebrafish respectively. Variances of slopes were significantly larger for WT than for C fish. Whole-body lactate concentrations and their variances were not significantly different between types and between rested and exercised fishes. The results demonstrate unusual swimming performance capacities, a remarkably low cost of swimming and some reductions in variability of C fish. Several possible explanations for the results are discussed.

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Section: Differences Between Wt and C Zebrafishmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Swimming Metabolism of Wild-Type and Cloned Zebrafish Brachydanio Rerio

Plaut

Gordon

1994

Journal of Experimental Biology

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“…Many research fields have adopted small fish as model species, often requiring to obtain repeated measurements of the study animals. For example, marine biologists study dispersal of small reef fish (Mora et al, 2003), behavioral biologists investigate mate choice in sticklebacks (Bakker et al, ’99; Milinski, 2003), evolutionary biologists study species radiation and adaptation in cichlids (Barlow, ’98; Seehausen, 2006), guppies (Carvalho et al, ’96) or sticklebacks (Schluter, ’93), and toxicologists test the effects of chemical compounds on zebra fish (Bresch et al, ’86). Existing techniques to measure the fat content in fish have a number of weaknesses, which render them unsuitable, to be used with live, small fish.…”

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confidence: 99%

A noninvasive method to determine fat content in small fish based on swim bladder size estimation

2011

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The presence of fat stores in fish is widely used as a correlate of fish health and fitness. Techniques ABSTRACT to measure fat content with some accuracy are available for mediumsized and large fish, but apart from morphometric indices, a noninvasive method to determine fat content in small fish has hitherto been lacking. In this study, we introduce a novel method to measure the fat content in live fish that can be applied also to small fish of less than 0.5 g of body mass. This approach relies on a precise measurement of the swim bladder volume, from which fat content can subsequently be deduced. As fat is positively buoyant, fish with larger fat stores require a smaller swim bladder to attain neutral buoyancy. To determine swim bladder volume, we developed a measuring device, which makes use of the differential compressibility of air and water. A fish is placed in a pressure-tight chamber to which a standardized amount of water is added. The resulting change in pressure Δp is inversely proportional to the volume of the swim bladder. Using juveniles and adults of Simochromis pleurospilus (Nelissen, '78; Pisces: Tropheini) a small cichlid fish, we show that Δp is tightly related to structural size, mass, and body condition. Most importantly, this approach allows to predict the visceral fat content of small fish more precisely than the six most commonly used morphometric body indices.The presence of fat stores in fish indicates the possession of surplus energy, as fat is the primary energy storage substrate in fish (Love, '70; Adams, '99;Tocher, 2003). Since fat content is a good index of future survival in some species (Simpkins et al., 2003) and a strong indicator of reproductive potential in some fish stocks (Marshall et al., '99), the amount of fat deposited by an individual has been used as a correlate of health or, more generally, of fitness (Adams, '99). Interests to quantify fat deposits of fish have thus emerged in different disciplines. A commercial fish breeder will use it as an indicator of health and animal welfare in his live stock (Novotny and Beeman, '90), ecologists may use it to judge the well being of wild populations (Liney et al., 2006;Stevenson and Woods, 2006) and in evolutionary studies the existence of energy reserves are an important determinant of optimal allocation decisions within trade-offs between growth, storage, and reproduction (Glazier, '99 Many research fields have adopted small fish as model species, often requiring to obtain repeated measurements of the study animals. For example, marine biologists study dispersal of small reef fish (Mora et al., 2003), behavioral biologists investigate mate choice in sticklebacks (Bakker et al., '99;Milinski, 2003), evolutionary biologists study species radiation and adaptation in cichlids (Barlow, '98;Seehausen, 2006), guppies (Carvalho et al., '96) or sticklebacks (Schluter, '93), and toxicologists test the effects of chemical compounds on zebra fish (Bresch et al., '86). Existing techniques to measure the fat content in fish...

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Cytological alterations in fish hepatocytes following in vivo and in vitro sublethal exposure to xenobiotics — structural biomarkers of environmental contamination

Braunbeck

1998

Fish Ecotoxicology

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Long-term fish toxicity test using the zebrafish: Effect of group formation and temporary separation by sex on spawning

Cited by 9 publications

References 7 publications

Swimming Metabolism of Wild-Type and Cloned Zebrafish Brachydanio Rerio

Swimming Metabolism of Wild-Type and Cloned Zebrafish Brachydanio Rerio

A noninvasive method to determine fat content in small fish based on swim bladder size estimation

Cytological alterations in fish hepatocytes following in vivo and in vitro sublethal exposure to xenobiotics — structural biomarkers of environmental contamination

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