Long-term follow-up after quinacrine sterilization in Vietnam. Part II: interim safety analysis

Abstract

Ectopic pregnancies do not appear to be increased compared with U.S. surgical sterilization rates. The data on other adverse events are more difficult to interpret.

Tubal patency during the menstrual cycle and during treatment with hormonal contraceptives: a pilot study in women

“…We have shown that a single treatment with 5% polidocanol foam results in a permanent collagen occlusion of the intramural Fallopian tube in non-human primates (7,8) and female baboons successfully treated do not become pregnant (9). However, not all females treated with polidocanol foam develop bilateral occlusion after a single treatment as is the case with quinacrine sterilization (3). A functional occlusion of the proximal tube that prevents movement of the active agent into the intramural Fallopian tube could explain some cases of treatment failure.…”

“…Quinacrine sterilization, typically performed in the follicular phase has a failure of about 27% with one application (3). Timing might also explain some cases of unilateral or bilateral failed microinsert placement during hysteroscopic permanent contraception (4).…”

“…Our interest in non-surgical permanent contraception for women led us to consider whether menstrual cycle timing could affect the delivery of agents administered transcervically into the Fallopian tubes. Quinacrine sterilization, typically performed in the follicular phase has a failure of about 27% with one application (3). Timing might also explain some cases of unilateral or bilateral failed microinsert placement during hysteroscopic permanent contraception (4).…”

Endometrial abnormalities on transvaginal ultrasonography and histopathology in women after quinacrine sterilization.

“…The insufficient family planning is the leading cause of maternal mortality in developing countries. 18 In this study there was endometrial hyperplasia in two (0.37%) and endometrial carcinoma in 2(0.37%) after quinacrine sterilization. In an international study the women were investigated for endometrial abnormalities through transvaginal ultrasound and subsequent histopathology for confirmation and it was found that the chances of histopathological evidence of endometrial abnormalities were increased if history of irregular bleeding was present along with abnormal endometrium on ultrasound.…”

Quinacrine sterilization for human immunodeficiency virus–positive women

“…Subsequent research sought the best dose, the optimum number of quinacrine applications, and possible adjuvants to enhance efficacy (4)(5)(6)(7)(8). Today, quinacrine when used for sterilization is given in the form of slow-releasing pellets to avoid rapid absorption of the drug (9).…”