Long term follow up of ultrasound diagnosed bilateral testicular sarcoidosis: Case report and literature review

Zeitouni, Layla; Khan, Ayesha; Almasri, Lynn; Gulati, Manpreet Singh; Reekhaye, Abhishek; Hammadeh, Mohamed

doi:10.1016/j.eucr.2020.101427

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…To compare, sarcoidosis affects the testes in fewer than 0.2% of all clinically diagnosed cases, while pulmonary manifestations are diagnosed in 90% of cases [ 8 , 10 ]. Management largely depends on the disease severity, the desire for fertility, and symptomatology [ 11 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Testicular Sarcoidosis: An Underdiagnosed Manifestation That Poses Unique Challenges

Choksi¹,

Singh²

2022

Cureus

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Testicular involvement is a rarely encountered complication of sarcoidosis. There are unique challenges involved when sarcoidosis affects the genitourinary system. These include differentiating the findings from testicular cancer, which often results in invasive procedures such as orchiectomies. It can also be a cause of secondary infertility in men. Additionally, it may also be underdiagnosed. Here, we describe a case where a patient showed a constellation of findings suggestive of sarcoidosis, along with testicular involvement at initial presentation. In this case, the diagnosis was made clinically with supporting laboratory, pathology, and ultrasound findings. The testicular findings were not biopsied, as the patient had easily accessible skin findings to confirm sarcoidosis. His testicular findings are continued to be monitored via ultrasound.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Testicular Sarcoidosis: An Underdiagnosed Manifestation That Poses Unique Challenges

Choksi¹,

Singh²

2022

Cureus

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“…Ultrasound technique is a non-invasive method of diagnosis. The intensive ultrasound wave is used for obtaining sonograms of certain organs or tissues [ 9 ]. X-ray diagnosis is among the oldest traditional methods allowing for tumor identification.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polymer Nanoparticles and Nanomotors Modified by DNA/RNA Aptamers and Antibodies in Targeted Therapy of Cancer

2021

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Polymer nanoparticles and nano/micromotors are novel nanostructures that are of increased interest especially in the diagnosis and therapy of cancer. These structures are modified by antibodies or nucleic acid aptamers and can recognize the cancer markers at the membrane of the cancer cells or in the intracellular side. They can serve as a cargo for targeted transport of drugs or nucleic acids in chemo- immuno- or gene therapy. The various mechanisms, such as enzyme, ultrasound, magnetic, electrical, or light, served as a driving force for nano/micromotors, allowing their transport into the cells. This review is focused on the recent achievements in the development of polymer nanoparticles and nano/micromotors modified by antibodies and nucleic acid aptamers. The methods of preparation of polymer nanoparticles, their structure and properties are provided together with those for synthesis and the application of nano/micromotors. The various mechanisms of the driving of nano/micromotors such as chemical, light, ultrasound, electric and magnetic fields are explained. The targeting drug delivery is based on the modification of nanostructures by receptors such as nucleic acid aptamers and antibodies. Special focus is therefore on the method of selection aptamers for recognition cancer markers as well as on the comparison of the properties of nucleic acid aptamers and antibodies. The methods of immobilization of aptamers at the nanoparticles and nano/micromotors are provided. Examples of applications of polymer nanoparticles and nano/micromotors in targeted delivery and in controlled drug release are presented. The future perspectives of biomimetic nanostructures in personalized nanomedicine are also discussed.

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Long term follow up of ultrasound diagnosed bilateral testicular sarcoidosis: Case report and literature review

Cited by 2 publications

References 4 publications

Testicular Sarcoidosis: An Underdiagnosed Manifestation That Poses Unique Challenges

Testicular Sarcoidosis: An Underdiagnosed Manifestation That Poses Unique Challenges

Polymer Nanoparticles and Nanomotors Modified by DNA/RNA Aptamers and Antibodies in Targeted Therapy of Cancer

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