Long-term follow-up of children with acute acquired concomitant esotropia

Sturm, Veit; Menke, Marcel N.; Knecht, Pascal B.; Schöffler, Corinna

doi:10.1016/j.jaapos.2011.03.018

Cited by 41 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 12 publications

(20 reference statements)

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“…Chan et al [2] found that 64.7% of patients had successful outcomes after surgery for ANAET. Sturm et al [15] reported a 92% surgical success rate (within 8PD or less of orthotropia) among acute acquired concomitant esotropia patients. Our results indicated the final success rates (an alignment within 8 PD) of 65.7%, which are in line with the findings of the relevant previous studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Outcomes after the surgery for acquired nonaccommodative esotropia

Kim

Choi

2017

BMC Ophthalmol

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BackgroundTo analyze the surgical outcomes for patients diagnosed with acquired nonaccommodative esotropia (ANAET).MethodsIn this retrospective study, the medical records of 35 patients who had undergone the surgery for ANAET with a postoperative follow-up period of 6 months or more were reviewed. The main outcome measures were postoperative esodeviation angle, final success rate, and factors affecting surgical outcome. Surgical success was considered to be an alignment within 8 prism diopters (PD) at distance and near.ResultsThe preoperative mean esodeviation angles were 37.3 ± 13.7 PD at distance and 38.6 ± 16.6 PD at near. The postoperative mean esodeviation angles at distance were as follows: 4.2 PD at day 1, 4.0 PD at month 1, 3.9 PD at month 3, 4.9 PD at month 6, 4.7 PD at year 1, and 4.8 PD at final follow-up. There was no statistically significant difference in angle of esodeviation between the initial postoperative period (day 1 to month 6) and the final follow-up day (p > 0.05). The surgical success rate at final follow-up was 65.7% (23/35). Among the 12 patients for whom the surgery failed, 9 (24.3%) showed esotropia and 3 (8.1%) exotropia of more than 8 PD. Six patients (16.2%) underwent reoperation (4 for esotropia and 2 for exotropia). There was no factor influencing surgical outcome (p > 0.05).ConclusionsThe surgical outcome in patients with ANAET was relatively favorable: the final success rate was 65.7% and the reoperation rate was 17.1%.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Outcomes after the surgery for acquired nonaccommodative esotropia

Kim

Choi

2017

BMC Ophthalmol

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“…2,5 AACE is an uncommon presentation of strabismus in older children and adults. 4 Three main types have been described. The Swan type (type 1) refers to an esotropia due to the interruption of fusion.…”

Section: 2mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…6,7 It is possible that some of the children with suboptimal alignment after squint surgery had an associated dysfunction of the near reflex that was overlooked. 4 A number of neurological associations for accommodative spasm have been reported in literature, including trauma, Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome, Arnold-Chiari malformation, pituitary disease, pineal gland tumour, and sixth nerve palsy. 3 Persistent accommodative spasm, resistant to conventional treatment, has been reported in association with organic causes, including closed head trauma.…”

Section: 2mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3 Acute acquired comitant esotropia (AACE) is an unusual presentation of strabismus in older children and adults characterised by acute onset with diplopia, concomitance of strabismus, a large angle of deviation, absence of paretic element, and potentially normal binocular vision. 4 SNR is usually not considered in the differential diagnosis of AACE because a typical presentation of SNR with intermittent, usually small-angle esotropia, pseudomyopia, limitation of abduction, and miosis is easily differentiated. We present an unusual case of SNR presenting with a constant large-angle esotropia, diplopia, and variable accommodative spasm that may be misdiagnosed as an AACE.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Unusual Presentation of Spasm of Near Reflex Mimicking Large-Angle Acute Acquired Comitant Esotropia

Shanker¹,

Nigam²

2015

Neuro-Ophthalmology

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We report the case of an 11-year-old boy who presented with sudden esotropia, binocular diplopia, and blurred vision. The patient was neurologically normal. He had a large, constant, comitant, alternating esotropia associated with minimal accommodative spasm. Ocular motility and pupillary reactions were normal. He was diagnosed to have spasm of the near reflex presenting as acute onset of esotropia. The esotropia was persistent despite treatment and eventually resolved with prolonged cycloplegic therapy. This unusual case illustrates that spasm of the near reflex can have unique and variable presentations. Spasm of the near reflex needs to be considered in the differential diagnosis of every case of acute, acquired, comitant esotropia. This is the first case of spasm of the near reflex where persistent esotropia is reported in the absence of any neurological disorder.

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“…The case here described may meet group II criteria, characterized by minimal hypermetropia and diplopia, but in the literature there are only a few case reports and case series about AACE. Moreover, in these studies all patients of group II were referred for strabismus surgery due to persistent esotropia [1, 2, 3]. Only Kemmanu et al [4] described a case of AACE where the patient did not receive surgery.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transient Esotropia in the Child: Case Report and Review of the Literature

Allegrini

Montesano

Fogagnolo

et al. 2017

Case Rep Ophthalmol

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The aim of this report is to investigate the possible causes of acute acquired onset of transient esotropia (AATE) in children and to help to differentiate ophthalmoplegic migraine (OM) from accommodative spasm (AS). A case of an 8-year-old Caucasian female affected by AATE and diplopia is described. The day before AATE onset, the patient complained of slight headache without nausea and vomiting, with spontaneous resolution. AATE diagnosis is challenging. The most likely ophthalmological causes of AATE are AS and OM. In these cases it is important to evaluate the presence of both a familial history of recurrent headaches and an AATE associated with migraine, ptosis, nausea, and vomiting. A full ophthalmological evaluation and a thorough refractive examination in cycloplegia are mandatory to exclude ophthalmological causes.

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Long-term follow-up of children with acute acquired concomitant esotropia

Cited by 41 publications

References 12 publications

Outcomes after the surgery for acquired nonaccommodative esotropia

Outcomes after the surgery for acquired nonaccommodative esotropia

Unusual Presentation of Spasm of Near Reflex Mimicking Large-Angle Acute Acquired Comitant Esotropia

Transient Esotropia in the Child: Case Report and Review of the Literature

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