Long-Term Follow-Up of Cyclic Esotropia

Souza-Dias, Carlos; Kushner, Burton J.; Carvalho, Luiz Eduardo Rebouças de

doi:10.1080/2576117x.2018.1529451

Cited by 7 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 21 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Cyclic esotropia, characterized by periodic cycles of strictly repetitive “straight” and “crossed” eyes, is an extremely uncommon form of nonaccommodative convergent strabismus with an incidence between 1/3000 and 1/5000 and has been reported more commonly than cyclic exotropia or cyclic vertical deviations [ 1 , 2 ]. Most cases occur spontaneously in childhood and are congenital but may be acquired after conditions that disrupt fusion or cause diplopia such as optic atrophy, ocular myositis, trauma, ocular or strabismic surgery, and CNS abnormalities [ 4 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cyclic esotropia is a mysterious phenomenon that most commonly occurs in early childhood and is characterized by a large angle of manifest but circadian esodeviation of the eye (crossed every other day) [ 1 ]. Classical cyclic esotropia has a 48-hour circadian rhythm of fixed orthophoria and esotropia that is associated with poor binocular function and suppression on “strabismic” days, though 24- to 96-hour cycles have also been described [ 2 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Classical cyclic esotropia has a 48-hour circadian rhythm of fixed orthophoria and esotropia that is associated with poor binocular function and suppression on “strabismic” days, though 24- to 96-hour cycles have also been described [ 2 ]. The conventional treatment is by two-muscle surgery, bimedial rectus muscle recession with or without posterior fixation sutures, or a unilateral recession/resection procedure according to the manifest deviation on the esotropic day [ 1 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

A Conservative Approach by Unilateral Maximal Single-Muscle Recession Surgery for the Treatment of Cyclic Esotropia

Evereklioğlu

Horozoğlu

Şener

et al. 2023

Case Reports in Ophthalmological Medicine

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Purpose. Cyclic esotropia (alternate-day squint) is a poorly understood form of strabismus that mostly occurs at younger pediatric ages. It demonstrates classically a 48-hour cycle with 24 hours of manifest esotropia and 24 hours of orthotropia, which is conventionally managed by bilateral or unilateral 2-muscle surgery. We aimed to report a child with cyclic esotropia who was surgically treated by a conservative unilateral 1-muscle approach. Methods. Case report. Results. A 3.5-year-old girl presented to the strabismus department with an intermittent esodeviation for 2 years that became cyclic in the last 3 months. The diagnosis of primary classical cyclic esotropia was made after seeing her multiple times on different days. The girl was emmetropic bilaterally, had normal visual acuities in both eyes, and high-angle right esodeviation (45-50Δ) with normal laboratory and MRI results. Unilateral maximal single-muscle recession of the right medial rectus was performed, and the child was followed up for 9 months. The girl developed excellent alignment after the surgery both at distance and near without cyclic pattern, and near-normal stereopsis (by animals: 100 sec. of arc) with binocularity was reached. The girl did not experience under- or overcorrection nor have a recurrence postoperatively. Conclusion. This is the first report of “one eye single-muscle” surgery for high-angle cyclic esotropia. Conservative unilateral medial rectus recession seems to be sufficient to permanently block the circadian rhythm and restore binocular fusion and stereopsis.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

A Conservative Approach by Unilateral Maximal Single-Muscle Recession Surgery for the Treatment of Cyclic Esotropia

Evereklioğlu

Horozoğlu

Şener

et al. 2023

Case Reports in Ophthalmological Medicine

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Circadian mechanisms have been studied extensively. They play a significant role in "various aspects of metabolism and behavior," with a more active role in lower animals than in humans [8].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Souza-Dias et al [8] emphasize the scarcity of cyclic esotropia diagnosis by experienced strabismologists. The real incidence of cyclic esotropia is unknown.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unusual Presentation of an Uncommon Disease: 24-Hour Cyclic Esotropia

Paciuc-Beja

Galicia-Alfaro

Retchkiman-Bret

2019

Case Reports in Ophthalmological Medicine

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Cyclic esotropia is an extremely uncommon form of strabismus. Classically, it follows a 48-hour cycle with 24 hours of orthotropia and 24 hours of manifest esotropia. We are reporting the first case of cyclic esotropia with a 24-hour cycle. A 7-year-old hyperopic female was seen with an esotropia of 6-month duration. Hyperopic glasses were prescribed by another ophthalmologist prior to our evaluation of the patient. While wearing her glasses, esotropia occurred during the morning and early afternoon. After 3.00pm, her eyes were “straight.” Many photographs were reviewed, confirming the esotropia pattern. Neurological evaluation was normal, including imaging and blood work to rule out thyroid pathology and myasthenia. After seeing the patient multiple times at different hours on different days, the diagnosis of cyclic esotropia was made. Bimedial recessions were performed with good results. The patient was still “straight” at distance and near 2 years after surgery.

show abstract