Long-term follow-up of early detected vulnerable children.

Abstract

The present investigation is an 11-13 follow-up of the subsequent psychiatric histories of children who did or did not participate in a preventively oriented school mental health program between 1958-1961. Clinical "risk" or "vulnerability" judgments were available for program children, and reasonably comprehensive third-grade test data were available for all children. Early detected vulnerable children were found to have disproportionately high later appearances in a community-wide psychiatric register. Retrospective analyses of the third-grade test data indicated that peer judgment was, by far, the most sensitive predictor of later psychiatric difficulty.

How Do Children with ADHD (Mis)manage Their Real-Life Dyadic Friendships? A Multi-Method Investigation

“…Given the increased recognition of ADHD in adolescence and adulthood (Barkley et al, 2008) and the fact that negative peer reputation in childhood very strongly predicts mental-health status by early adulthood (Cowen, Pederson, Babigian, Izzo, & Trost, 1973), it is hoped that the results of the current study will eventually contribute to the development of evidence-based friendship interventions that will help people with ADHD achieve improved mental health and happiness over their lifespan. .06…”

Intergenerational Effects—A Review of Environmentally Oriented Studies Concerning the Relationship between Parental Alcohol Problems and Family Disharmony in the Genesis of Alcohol and Other Problems. I: The Intergenerational Effects of Alcohol Problems

“…Even if one accepts that having a parental drinking problem does raise the risk of offspring problem drinking in turn, investigating only the casualties of this upbringing does not allow for an accurate assessment of the real degree of risk Heller et al (1982), in arguing a similar point, provide an apposite example from the non-alcohol-related literature, citing a study which followed into adulthood children selected in kindergarten and first grade as being "at risk" for emotional disturbance. The investigators (Cowen et al, 1973) found that 68% of adolescents and young adults appearing in a psychiatric case register had been identified as being at risk as young children. They also found, however, that "only 19% of early identified (at risk) children developed sufficiently serious problems to have shown up in the Register" (Cowen et al, 1973, p. 443), leading Heller et al to summarize: "While the majority of individuals in treatment showed risk markers as children, the majority of children with risk markers did not require treatment as adults" (Heller et al, 1982, p. 189, emphasis in the original).…”

Sex Differences in Social Development

“…Children who interact very little with peers and who show other signs of poor peer relations are considerably more likely than others to have additional adjustment problems. They exhibit a greater incidence of school maladjustment (Gronlund A Anderson, 1963), drop out of school more frequently (Ullmann, 1967), are delinquent more often (Rolf, Sells, & Golden, 1972), obtain more bad-conduct discharges from military service (Rolf, 1951); and suffer adult mental-health problems (Cowen, Pederson, Babigan, Izzo, & Trost, 1973;Kohn 6 Clausen, 1966;Roff, 1970).…”