Long-term Follow-up Results of Regeneration Process of Fungiform Taste Buds After Severing the Chorda Tympani Nerve During Middle Ear Surgery

Saito, Takehisa; Ito, Takatoshi; Ito, Yatsuji; Manabe, Yasuhiro

doi:10.1177/0003489415617775

Cited by 12 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…21 After the chorda tympani nerve was stretched or severed during ear surgery, the electrogustometric threshold was significantly elevated on the surgery side. [22][23][24] On the contrary, in ten patients with Ramsay Hunt syndrome and twelve patients with Bell palsy, the electrogustometric thresholds increased similarly in both the affected and the non-affected sides compared to those of healthy controls, although the taste sensation was impaired in the affected side compared to the non-affected side. 25 Electrogustometric threshold elevation was greater in patients with Ramsay Hunt syndrome than in those with Bell palsy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…Electrogustometry was performed to evaluate the chorda tympani nerve in otitis media, Bell palsy, Ramsay Hunt syndrome, etc In adhesive otitis media or in middle ear cholesteatoma with pars tensa retraction implicating the chorda tympani nerve, the electorogustometric threshold was significantly elevated on the affected side compared to the contralateral side . After the chorda tympani nerve was stretched or severed during ear surgery, the electrogustometric threshold was significantly elevated on the surgery side . On the contrary, in ten patients with Ramsay Hunt syndrome and twelve patients with Bell palsy, the electrogustometric thresholds increased similarly in both the affected and the non‐affected sides compared to those of healthy controls, although the taste sensation was impaired in the affected side compared to the non‐affected side .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gustatory function in persons with cerebral palsy

Nakashima

Suzuki

Sugiura

et al. 2020

J of Oral Rehabilitation

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Gustatory function is closely related to chewing and swallowing; however, there are currently no reports regarding gustatory function in persons with cerebral palsy (CP). The aim of this study was to compare the gustatory function between persons with CP and healthy controls. We investigated sweet, salty, sour and bitter tastes using the whole‐mouth method and measured the electrogustometric thresholds in the chorda tympani nerve area. Twelve participants with CP (6 women and 6 men) for whom gustatory testing was possible at our facilities, and 17 age‐matched controls (9 women and 8 men) were included. The mean age ± standard deviation was 58.6 ± 8.1 years and 58.5 ± 8.7 years in subjects with CP and controls, respectively. Taste detection and identification were significantly worse in persons with CP compared with the controls. Taste identification was more impaired than taste detection. At the highest concentration, taste identification was impossible 11 times out of 48 (12 persons × 4 kinds of tastes) in persons with CP but such a deficit was not observed in 68 attempts (17 persons × 4 kinds of tastes) involving controls. The electrogustometric thresholds were not significantly different between the groups. Gustatory function associated with chewing and swallowing is worse in persons with CP compared to the controls.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gustatory function in persons with cerebral palsy

Nakashima

Suzuki

Sugiura

et al. 2020

J of Oral Rehabilitation

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“…Compared to tests based on chemical solutions, EGM is a reliable tool for the clinical evaluation of taste sensitivity in clinical settings [ 13 , 36 , 41 , 42 ]. The technique is especially appropriate for testing the whole taste sensory chain’s integrity including ionotropic transduction mechanisms, but excluding metabotropic transduction mechanisms because sweet bitter or umami taste transduction mechanisms rely on second messenger systems and are not activated by EGM stimulation (ionic stimuli) [ 43 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…By contrast, a buzzing vibration, tingling or electrical sensation [ 32 ] suggest a trigeminal function [ 5 ]. As a result, the value for the lowest anodal stimulation at which the metallic or sour/salty taste was perceived was recorded as the taste threshold value [ 5 , 33 – 36 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of cigarette smoke on gustatory sensitivity, evaluation of the deficit and of the recovery time-course after smoking cessation

Cheruel¹,

Jarlier²,

Sancho‐Garnier³

2017

Tob. Induced Dis.

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BackgroundStudy results have shown that chronic exposure to cigarette smoke affects the taste function in humans. However, neither the quantitative impact on taste sensitivity nor the time-course of taste recovery on stopping smoking have been precisely examined.MethodsThe experimental design included 2 phases, (i) a case–control phase comparing the taste sensitivity level measured by Electrogustometric (EGM) thresholds from various parts of the tongue (locus) between smokers (n = 83) and non-smokers (n = 48), (ii) a follow-up study looking at the taste sensitivity recovery in smokers after smoking cessation (n = 24) and compared with non-smokers.ResultsSmokers exhibited significantly lower taste sensitivity than non-smokers - the higher the nicotine dependence (Fagerström scores), the lower the taste sensitivity. After smoking cessation, EGM thresholds decreased progressively, and reached the taste sensitivity range of non-smokers depending on locus and time. After 2 weeks a recovery could be observed on the 3 Tip and the 2 edge loci; the recovery in the posterior loci was complete after 9 weeks, and in the dorsal loci recovery was observed only after 2 months or more.ConclusionsSmoking cessation does lead to a rapid recovery of taste sensitivity among smokers, with recovery time found to differ based on the sensitivity of loci of the tongue. The use of EGM could potentially be explored as a motivational tool for smoking cessation.

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“…For example, the chorda tympani nerve is routinely sectioned during middle ear surgery, and despite its robust capacity to regenerate, recovery of gustatory function does not occur in all patients (Saito et al, 2016). Neurotrophin levels also decline with age, and aging profoundly delays/prevents functional recovery after gustatory nerve injury (He et al, 2012).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

BDNF is required for taste axon regeneration following unilateral chorda tympani nerve section

Meng

Huang

Sun

et al. 2017

Experimental Neurology

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Taste nerves readily regenerate to reinnervate denervated taste buds; however, factors required for regeneration have not yet been identified. When the chorda tympani nerve is sectioned, expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) remains high in the geniculate ganglion and lingual epithelium, despite the loss of taste buds. These observations suggest that BDNF is present in the taste system after nerve section and may support taste nerve regeneration. To test this hypothesis, we inducibly deleted Bdnf during adulthood in mice. Shortly after Bdnf gene recombination, the chorda tympani nerve was unilaterally sectioned causing a loss of both taste buds and neurons, irrespective of BDNF levels. Eight weeks after nerve section, however, regeneration was differentially affected by Bdnf deletion. In control mice, there was regeneration of the chorda tympani nerve and taste buds reappeared with innervation. In contrast, few taste buds were reinnervated in mice lacking normal Bdnf expression such that taste bud number remained low. In all genotypes, taste buds that were reinnervated were normal-sized, but non-innervated taste buds remained small and atrophic. On the side of the tongue contralateral to the nerve section, taste buds for some genotypes became larger and all taste buds remained innervated. Our findings suggest that BDNF is required for nerve regeneration following gustatory nerve section.

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Long-term Follow-up Results of Regeneration Process of Fungiform Taste Buds After Severing the Chorda Tympani Nerve During Middle Ear Surgery

Abstract: The long-term regeneration process of fungiform taste buds could be clarified using confocal laser scanning microscopy.

Cited by 12 publications

References 17 publications

Gustatory function in persons with cerebral palsy

Gustatory function in persons with cerebral palsy

Effect of cigarette smoke on gustatory sensitivity, evaluation of the deficit and of the recovery time-course after smoking cessation

BDNF is required for taste axon regeneration following unilateral chorda tympani nerve section

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